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Ict: info 2 > Topic 5: The Need To protect data in ICT systems: privacy and password > Flashcards

Topic 5: The Need To protect data in ICT systems: privacy and password Flashcards

0
Q

Different types of erosion of privacy

A
  • credit checking agencies(cards, mortgages, loans)
  • Records of purchases you’ve made
  • phishing (and illegal activity which try to find out bank details)
  • surveillance cameras (number plate and face recognition systems)
  • spyware
  • cookies
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1
Q

Personal information held on ict systems

A
  • earnings
  • credit history
  • purchase made
  • insurance details
  • exams and qualifications
  • Marketing information (gained from replies to questionnaire)
  • phone call details
  • medical details
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2
Q

The use of user-IDs or usernames

Facts about user-IDs

A
  • A user ID is unique to a particular person and will normally be an abbreviation of person’s full name
  • using the user-ID, the computer can allow users to have their own personal settings and files
  • when the user ID is entered the computer will know who is using the computer. It then has to know that it is the actual person using the computer and this is where a password comes in
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3
Q

Problems with passwords

A
  • people to symbolise because they are easy to remember which makes it easy for her hackers to crack their password
  • choose pet names, football teams(easily guessed by friends)
  • people often have to remember so many password so they write them down>increasing security risks
  • not changed regularly enough(^risk of hackers)
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4
Q

Rules for passwords

A
  • don’t use a word that can be found in dictionary
  • dont use your own or any other name or surname even if you put numbers after it
  • always use maximum number of characters the system allows
  • include numbers&letters&upper&lower case letters
  • don’t write your password down
  • don’t make password the same as your user ID
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5
Q

Spyware
What it is
What it records details of
Uses of spyware

A

software which collects info without consent about the use of a computer connected to Internet&can scan hard drive for info it has been instructed tofind

  • keystrokes used
  • web browsing history
  • to investigate your searching history on Internet so you can be targeted for an advertising campaign
  • taking passwords and credit card details for fraud
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6
Q

What Internet service providers record

A
  • Pages visited on the Internet
  • how long was spent on each page
  • downloads made
  • email addresses of the recipients
  • contents of each email
  • dates and times each email was sent
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7
Q

What problems does spyware cause

A
  • identity theft/fraud:can search for passwords and credit card details
  • Computer crashes: software may have bugs which cause computer to crash
  • Poor performance:spyware runs in the background so slows computer down
  • pop-ups and banners-targeting you for advertising
  • can disable firewall&antivirus software
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8
Q

Ways to remove spyware

A
  • install anti-spyware software
  • install a security suite of software or antivirus software
  • install software provided by your Internet service provider
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9
Q

What does anti-spyware software do

A
  • and the memory for any spyware running
  • scan any new programs that have been downloaded
  • Scan any programs that try to reinstall themselves
  • Scan the entire hard drive
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10
Q

Cookies

Problems with cookies

A

Used by websites to collect information about how you use the website
A small text file downloaded to your computer. Websites will try to promote products that users have shown a previous interesting
-erode our privacy by following our paths through certain websites and is done without the users knowledge

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11
Q

Problems with online banking

What are banking problems caused by:
P

A

People getting unauthorised access to ur account
Phishing: this is where people send emails asking people who are using the on-line banking system to update their account details. When the user clicks on the link it takes them to a fake website which looks similar to the real bank site. User is then asked to type in their personal info e.g password, credit/bank details&fraudster has access to bank

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12
Q

What are banking problems caused by:

T

A

Trojans: lines of computer code that are stored in your PC without you knowing. They are loaded into your computer when you look at an email or visit a fake website. Aim is to get your username and your password which your code transmits back to the fraudster
Small programs used to get details of userna&pass

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13
Q

Identity theft/fraud

A

Stealing information about you such as banking/credit cards details and other personal information in order to commit fraud

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14
Q

Keeping bank details private

A

Used when info is sent over the Internet or another network and needs to be kept secure.
-process of coding data, sending it over the Internet and then decoding when it reaches the true recipient

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15
Q

What encryption should be used for

Problems with encryption

A

-on-line banking, sending payment details (bank details e.g sort code numbers, account number)
-confidential emails
P:-security forces don’t like people using codes they cannot crack themselves as they can’t read e
-encryption can be used for secret conversations between criminals or terrorists

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16
Q

Threats to an ict system can cause the loss of data which causes loss of money in terms of

Threats to Ict systems

A

-lost business, lost computer time
-the need for staff to spend time sorting problems
T: -natural disasters (earthquakes, lightning strikes, floods, volcanoes)
-virus , Trojans, worms, spyware, hacking, fire
-threats from hardware or software

17
Q

What natural disasters do:

  • earthquakes
  • lightening strikes
  • floods
  • volcanoes
A
  • loss of power, communication, lines, damage to ICT system caused by building collapses
  • can cause loss of power which can cause loss of data, hardware and software
  • water damage to hardware, software&data or loss of communication lines
  • fire&smoke damage cause destruction of buildings
18
Q

Faulty hardware

Faulty software

A
  • Can break down and main problem would be caused by hard drive becoming damaged
  • software especially bespoke& packaged software can contain errors>cause damage or loss of data
19
Q

Threats from fire

How to minimise the threats

A

Fire can cause loss of ICT systems>loss of dat

  • no smoking in all computer rooms
  • power sockets shouldn’t be overloaded
  • wiring should be checked often for safety
  • fire alarms/smoke detectors in all rooms
  • remove backup copies off-site
20
Q

Computer or hardware theft:

Why it is common with laptops

A

Involves the computer or other hardware being stolen. If computer is stolen hardware,software and data is lost

  • Small, light
  • often used in public places
  • popular and easy to sell by theifs
21
Q

Hacking

What may a hacker do once they gain access to an ICT system

A

Involves attempting to break into a secure computer system. Usually a hacker has technical knowledge to be able to gain access to an ict system

  • use personal data to commit blackmail
  • cause damage to data
  • use data to commit fraud
22
Q 
How power loss is caused
Main problems of power loss:
-Mains power going off
-power fluctuations 
How it can be prevented
A
  • natural disasters or a workman cutting through a cable
  • by having a standby power systems which keeps the power supplied and the computer running until the main power is working again
  • occur more often caused by high power consumption devices :uninterruptible power supplies can protect against power changes
23
Q

Internal threats

Examples

A

A threat to an ICT system that comes from inside the organisation -staff hacking into ICT systems

  • employees introducing viruses deliberately or accidentally
  • staff stealing hardware, software or data
  • staff accidentally damaging or losing data
  • staff reducing the security of computer systems by leaving computers on, sharing passwords
24
Q

Malpractice

Examples

A
  • accidentally deleting data
  • not making backup copies
  • not scanning for viruses regularly
  • sharing passwords
  • not logging away when away from desk
25
Q

Crime

Examples

A
  • hacking
  • deliberately distributing viruses
  • illegally copying data or software
  • stealing hardware
  • identity theft and fraud
26
Q

External threats

Examples

A

A threat to an ICT system that comes from outside the organisation

  • people from outside the organisation hacking into the ICT system to view or change information stored
  • natural disasters -people from outside the organisation stealing hardware, software or data
  • viruses introduced from file attachments
27
Q

How to protect against internal threats

How to protect against external threats

A

I:-change passwords regularly -use passwords to prevent unauthorised copying of data
-attach computers to desks to prevent theft
-train staff to prevent accidental mistakes
E:-use a firewall to prevent hacking
-encrypt data on laptops so that if they are stolen the data cannot be read
-install uninterpretable power supply
-use encryption when sending data to prevent misuse

28
Q

Hardware that can be used to reduce the threats:
Restrict access into computer rooms
Restrict access into using hardware

A
  • keypads, face recognition systems
  • locking keyboard: this system uses a card&a card reader when card is inserted in comp user can use the mouse and keyboard
29
Q

Software that can be used to reduce the threats:

A
  • use of passwords and User Ids: a series of characters used to check identity of user
  • firewall: software or hardware that is able to protect a network from hackers
  • encryption software
30
Q

3 measures that can be taken to reduce threats

A
  • software
  • hardware
  • procedure
31
Q

Procedures to ensure that users work in a way that reduces the threats to ICT systems
Examples

A
  • training: possible for users to delete their data by accident. Proper training will make users more confident in using ICT systems so this type of mistake is less likely to happen
  • careful selection of staff: choosing staff carefully can prevent threats
  • retention of staff: staff quitting can be damaging to ICT systems and it’s important to make their job gd
32
Q

Procedures:

Acceptable use policy

A
  • general computer use: health and safety info about not eating or drinking near computer equipment
  • security: an outline of the data protection act
  • training: so that all staff know the aspects of the acceptable use policy
  • emails: warned about opening emails from unknown sources which could contain viruses
33
Q

The data protection act

8 principles

A
  1. )personal data shall be processed fairly& lawfully
  2. )processed for limited purposes
  3. )data shall be adequate,relevant &not excessive
  4. ) personal data shall be accurate
  5. ) not kept longer than necessary
  6. )should be processed in accordance with these data subjects rights 7.) secure
  7. )not transferred to countries outside the EU without proper protection
34
Q

The data protection act:

2.) processed for limited purposes

A
  1. )means that u should be aware of the data being collected about u&should be asked for permission
  2. )the data collector has to state why the data is needed and if it’s use for other purposes law is brok
  3. )organisations should only collect that data they need and no more
  4. ) need to ensure the data is up to data and they don’t have wrong facts about data subjects
  5. ) people have the right to see the data being held about them&if it’s wrong they can have it changed
  6. ) means info has to be kept safe from hackers and employees who don’t have right to view it
  7. ) country must have similar laws to our data protection to allow it to be sent their
35
Q

Data subject
Data controller
Information commissioner

A
  • The person who the personal information is about
  • The person who’s responsibility it is in an organisation to control the way that personal data is processed
  • person responsible for enforcing the act
36
Q

The computer misuse act:

Act makes it an offence to…

A
  • deliberately planting or transferring viruses to a computer system to cause damage to programs and data
  • use an organisations computer to carry out unauthorised work
  • hack into someone else’s computer system with a if to seeing the info or altering it
  • use computers to commit various frauds
37
Q

Problems with computer software

Problems with software that has been copies

A
  • very easy to copy
  • very easy to transfer files over the Internet
  • people don’t view copying software as like stealing goods from a supermarket
  • more likely to contain viruses
  • may not be complete
38
Q

The copy right designs and patents act:

What it is a criminal offence to do under this act

A
  • copy or distribute software or manuals without permission or license from the copyright owner
  • copying images or text without permission
  • force employees to make or distribute software for use by the company
  • sharing digital music illegally by using peer-to-peer file sharing software
  • selling pirated copies of software at car boot sakes or on eBay
39
Q

Consequences of breaking this law

A
  • unlimited fines and up to 10 years imprisonment
  • lose your reputation, promotion prospects and even losing your job
  • you could be sued for damages by the software owner

Ict: info 2 (8 decks)

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