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Ict: info 2 > Topic 4- Transfer of data in ICT systems > Flashcards

Topic 4- Transfer of data in ICT systems Flashcards

0
Q

Basic elements of an ICT

A
  • communication devices
  • networking software
  • data transfer media
  • standards and procedures
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1
Q

What is ICT network

A

consists of a collection of computers and other hardware devices such as printers and scanners that are linked together so that they can communicate with eachother

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2
Q

Communication devices

A

Those pieces of hardware that are needed to turn stand-alone computers into networked computers

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3
Q

Network interface card

A

Before a computer can be connected to a network it will need to have a network interface card.
Card containing a circuitry along with a socket
-purpose is to convert the data from the form in which it is stored into a form that can be transmitted through the network

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4
Q

Hub

A

A hub is a simple device which is used to join computers in a network so that they are able to share files and an internet connection
Network makes use of a hub:
C
|
C—–H——C
|
C

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5
Q

Transmission medium

A

The material which forms the connection between the computers in a network (e.g air in the case of wireless connection, metal wire, optical fibre)

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6
Q

Network

A

A group of computers that are able to communicate with each other

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7
Q

Networking software

A

This is systems software which allows computers connected together to function as a network
Networks need a software to tell the connected devices how to communicate with each other

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8
Q

Switches (network switches)

A
  • Switches are similar to hubs in that they are used to join multiple computers together in a network.
  • switches are more intelligent as they can inspect packets of data to the computer so that they are forwarded appropriately
  • speeds the network up because it reduces the amount of data on the network as it only sends a packet of data to the computer it is intended for
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9
Q

Routers

A

Hardware devices that joint several wired or wireless networks together
Routers are usually a combination of hardware and software which allow small home computer networks to be connected to the Internet using a single connection

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10
Q

Network operating systems software
What it is
Examples of network operating systems

A

Have more complexity than windows software (can be used to run small networks) because they need to coordinate the activities of all the computer devices connected to the network
-UNIX -LIMUX -Novell network: very popular client-server network operating system

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11
Q

Network management software

Main features

A

Software which helps network managers to look after networks

  • making sure that all computers have up-to-date software with latest security software>hackers can’t get into the network
  • keeping track of software being run on each computer&ensuring that there are licences for all software being used&finding out if users installed non-license software without permission
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12
Q

Data transfer media

A

Is the material through which data travels from one computer to another in a network
E.g wireless, metal wires and optical fibres

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13
Q

Metal wires

3 types of wires

A

Offer a high transmission speed but need to be installed and this can be expensive

  • unshielded twisted pair
  • shielded twisted pair
  • non-metal cables
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14
Q

Metal wires:
Unshielded twisted pair
Shielded twisted pair
Main features

A
  • Thin wires are twisted to help cancel out interference &thin wires mean easier installation
  • only suitable for for small networks
  • wires are twisted and have a copper braiding which protects the data signals from outside interference/corruption
  • more expensive than unshielded twisted pair&have a greater transmission speed than unshielded
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15
Q

Metal wires:

Non-metal cables

A

Light travels faster than electricity, so this is why in many networks pulses of light are used to carry data

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16
Q

Fibre optic cables

What it is

A

The data being passed is encoded as pulses of light through a very thin glass fibre.
Bundles of fibres are used to carry the data to and from the network

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17
Q

Fibre optic cables
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

-speed: the data travels much faster
-small size: huge amount of data can travel through small cable
-lack of electrical interface: they do not suffer from interface like metal wires
D: -cost: the devices needed to connect the cable and the cable itself are more expensive

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18
Q

No cables at all(wireless)

What is needed to set up a small wifi network

A

wireless networks enable people to connect to the Internet or to a LAN wirelessly

  • a broadband connection to the Internet
  • a router
  • Wifi enabled computer (most computers have a wireless adapter installed in them)
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19
Q

How wifi works

-4 steps

A
  • the router is connected to the Internet by a high-speed broadband connection
  • the route receives data from the Internet
  • it transmits data as a radio signal using an antenna
  • the computers wireless adapter picks up the signal and turns the radio signal into data that the computer can understand
20
Q

Advantages of WI-FI

A
  • allows inexpensive LANS to be set without cables
  • allows people the freedom of working anywhere a signal can be received
  • global set of standards: you can use Wi-Fi all over the world
21
Q

disadvantages of WI-FI

A
  • power consumption is high: laptops batteries run out quicker
  • may cause health problems
  • may be security problems even when encryption is used
  • can get interference if wireless network signals start to overlap
22
Q

What happens if there are no proper network procedures

A
  • the security of the network may be compromised
  • the network may run slowly
  • users may not follow legislations(data protection act, computer misuse act)
  • work may be lost
23
Q

Why network standards are important

A

Without them one device could be sending data to another device in a form that the other device does not understand

24
Q

ICT networks for different geographical scales and uses:

Two types of ICT networks

A
  • Local area network (LAN)

- Wide area networks (WANs)

25
Q

Main features of: LAN (local area networks)

A
  • confined to single building or site: the hardware or communications equipment is contained in one building or site
  • ownership of the communication equipment: the organisation owns all the communication equipment that links the terminals
26
Q

Main features of: WAN (wide area networks)

A
  • hardware is spread over a wide geographical area: devices (computers, storage)are spread over a wide geographical area (spread over multiple buildings&)
  • third party telecommunications equipment is used
27
Q

Network topologies

A

Network tropology shows how the computers are connected when wires are used and if wireless is used it shows how the devices in the network communicate with each other

28
Q

The ring tropology : the way it works

A
  • peer-to-peer network because there is no server
  • all computers are arranged in circle
  • data sent by one computer passes around the ring until it reaches the correct computer
29
Q

The ring topology

Advantages and disadvantages

A

A:-easier to add extra devices
-each Computer has the same access as the others so no one computer can use network more
D:-if there is a break in the connection (wire or wireless) then the whole network fails
-faults are difficult to locate
- it is impossible to keep the network running whilst equipment is added or removed because there is only one path for the data to follow

30
Q

The bus topology: the way it works

A
  • All the devices connected to the network are connected to a common shared cable called the backbone.
  • Signals are passed in either direction along the backbone
31
Q

The bus topology:

Advantages and disadvantages

A

A: cost-effective because of the small amount of cable needed
-simple cable runs makes it easy to install
-easy to add extra devices to the network
D:-if more than 12 devices are connected to the network, then the performance of the network reduces
-if backbone cable breaks network cannot be used

32
Q

The start topology: way it works

Advantages

A

-uses a central connection point(hub, switch,router) to connect all devices on the network together
A:fault tolerant: if one of the cables fails then the other computers can still be used
-Load tolerant: extra computers can be added with out much loss in performance as all computers have their own path to the hub
-easy to add extra computers without disturbing the network

33
Q

The star topology:

Disadvantages

A
  • higher cost: the large amount of cabling needed makes it a more expensive topology
  • dependence on the central hub/switch/router: if one of these devices fail then the whole network fails
34
Q

The mesh topology: how it works

Advantages

A

-Data sent can take several different paths
A:-fault tolerant: as there are many paths data can take to get to its destination if one of the paths fail there is always another -easy to locate faults
D:-higher cost: lots of cable runs needed to create a mesh network
-harder to maintain:greater length of cable means that the network is harder to set up&maintain

35
Q

Network can be divided into two main types
1st one p2p
What it is

A

Peer-to-peer network:

  • Network where each computer has the same status and they are able to communicate with each other
  • used for home networks: each user is able to connect to another users computer over the network so there is no central management
36
Q

Peer-to-peer network advantages

A
  • cost saving:no server is needed>all the computers can be the same
  • no network manager is needed:uses take responsibility for the network
  • easy to set up: simplest of computer networks so can be set up by anyone
  • no reliance on a server: don’t have to worry about the server breaking down
37
Q

Peer-to-peer network: disadvantages

A
  • backups cannot be made centrally: places responsibility on all the users to backup their own data (some users may not do this)
  • users need more IT knowledge: as they will be responsible for the files of their own computers
  • Power security: resources are shared so uses have to decide what resources of theirs the users on the network can use
38
Q

Network can be divided into two main types
2nd one: csn
What it is

A
  • preferred choice of large networks
  • all the computers are not the same status
  • usually a more powerful computer is used as the central computer where all files and programs are stored on this computer is called a server and other computers on the network are called clients
  • network manager is in charge of the server
39
Q

Advantages of a client-server network

A
  • Security is better: because it is centralised and a person is given responsibility for it
  • centralise data: data is all held on the file server which means that all users have access to the same set of data
  • backups are taken centrally: regular backups are taken by the Network Manager which means data and programs are unlikely to be lost
40
Q

Disadvantages of a client-server network

A
  • servers are more expensive
  • person in charge of network needs understands the technicalities of the network
  • network operating systems are expensive and for larger client server network may be necessary to buy network management software which is expensive
41
Q

Difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web:

Internet

A
  • Is a huge group of networks joined together each of these network consists of lots of smaller networks, means that the Internet consists of hardware
  • Internet provide more services than accessing webpages (which is the service www provides)
  • Internet is the actual network whereas www is the accessing of webpages using the Internet
42
Q

Difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web:

World Wide Web

A
  • a means of accessing information contained on the Internet
  • an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet
  • uses HTTP (language used over Internet to transmit info)
  • makes use of browser software to access documents called webpages
43
Q

What the Internet provides

A
  • email facilities
  • Instant messaging
  • P2P networking which allows you to exchange files with other users
44
Q

Intranets

A
  • private network that uses same technology as that used by Internet for sending of messages around the network
  • main use of an intranet is to share organisational information and resources
  • features:only employees of organisations are able to use it -intranet isn’t confined to a single site>still possible for people on an intranet to access Internet
45
Q

Extranet

A
  • Only employees can use intranets, whereas with an extranet: customers, suppliers and other partners as well as the employees of the organisation can access the information
  • cannot be accessed by the general public and passwords and usernames are used to ensure this
  • data can be sent via the Internet, security measures that have to be put in place: firewall
46
Q

Advantages of networks:
Ability to share files
Ability to share hardware resources
Ability to share software

A
  • no need to make copies of files as all the files can be accessed by all the computers on the network if needed
  • no need to have a printer for each computer as any hardware device e.g printer, scanner, plotter can be shared
  • software can be shared, meaning that everyone will be using the same version
47
Q

Advantages of software:

Lower software costs

A

-it is cheaper to buy one network version with a licence for so many users compared to buying individual users compared to buying individual copies for each computer also saves time as only one copy needs to be installed on the server

48
Q

Disadvantages of networks
Technical knowledge needed
Lack of access when file server fails
Cost

A
  • more IT knowledge is needed to run a network so specialist staff are needed
  • if a a file server fails the entire network may fail which means that users might not be able to access files and data
  • although a network Will save money every time there is the initial high cost of all the network equipment and training needed

Ict: info 2 (8 decks)

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