Topic 5: The factors leading to the emergence and devlopment of modern day sports Flashcards
What are the characteritics of mob activties/ popular recreation for the peasants?
Holy days/festivals Few rules and tactics Limited structure and organisation/no officials Participation rather than spectator sport Violent/physical force/no skill Lower classes/male Localised/villages Limited equipment/facilities
Characteritics of mob activties/ popular recreation for the gentry
Gambling Sophisticated More leisure time Rules and Tactics Facilities Equipment More streuctured and civilised activties
Describe the characteritics of mob football
Violence Peasants- Therfore representing teh feudla system of social classes Unwritten rules Natural facilities. Occasional Religous Men only
Describe teh characteristics of real tennis
Refined Game Skill based Upper class Civilised Non violent Complex rules Specilised facilities Frequent Men and Women International
What are teh characteristics for popular recreation for the Gentry
Gambling Sophisticated More leisure tie Rules Tactics Facilities Equipment
Festival games: When and what was it based upon?
Time for sport was limited to holy days in the middle ages
MOst games revolved around the religious festivals adn agricultural practices
Fetsival games in May: Whitsun
Who provided space
The church provided the sapce and time to play games and the games were often patronised by teh local gentry offering prizes and rewards
Boxing
Early fightin had not wrtten rules. There were no wight divisions or roudn limits, no referees. t was extremly violent
Blood sports
The sports were watched by both classes and also was wagered upon by both social classes
What was the peasants lifestly like between 1200 - 185 (medievl briatein)
Limited leisure time
Plenty of free space
Chruch holidays adn sundasy were days of leisure
Localised and traditioanl games
What is teh middle class adn what was tehir life like during teh Tuor and Stuart period 1485-1714
Consisting of skilled workers
Hunting was a popula sports (all classes)
Folk games in villages
Puritanims
Define puritnaims
Agaist gambling or wagering
What was life like during teh Hanoverian period 1714-1790?
All classes have some leisure time Pressure for sundasy to be a day of rest Large amoutn fo social disorder Codification began to develop e.g tennis and cricket
What were teh three social revolutions in teh early 19th centruy
The agrarian revolution
The INdustrial revolution
The urban Revolution
Outline teh agrarain revolution
Involved the gradual movemnt of workers fromt he countryside to the larger towns. Thsi was casued by:
The enclosure act by whch large plots of land were fenced in
Thsi created hardhsp for peasant farmers
The social costs were bad as poor farm labourers were useess, poor famers lost land, and the workign classes were often force to industrial urban area to find work
This was due to teh introduction of new farm machienry
Outline teh industrial revolution
Machienry was devlped and introduced into a factroy setting
Peasants moved to towns to work in factories
Factory work pay were cmmision based
Workers have limited freee time
There was a lack of space avalibale for sport.
Upper class did more complex games due to more mney and tehy were literate
Saint monday were a day of leisure
Defien saint monday
A day of leisure for workers, pay day was on Saturday and they had spare money for Modnay
Outline teh Urban REvolution
There was a significant increase in population, as industral adn cmmercially well placed towns grew in size
As a conseuqence of teh enclosure aci, many redundant famers adn farm labourers moved to industrialised towns and soon o be cities in order for work
Characteristics of teh industrial revolution
migration of the lower classes into urban areas — loss of space and overcrowding
• lack of time — shift from seasonal to machine work, leading to 12-hour days
• lack of income — low wages and poverty
• poor health — poor working and living conditions, lack of hygiene and little energy to play
• loss of rights — restrictions placed on mob games (e.g. mob football) and blood sports by
changes in criminal laws
What was teh agrarian revolution caused by
The emergence of a gentry clss
The encolusre of the countryside
The grwth fo teh methodist movemnt
The gradual increased significance of respectability in early victorian society
The gradual mechanisatoon of tenant farms
The effect fo early industrialisation on rational recreation
Limited space for pre industrial games to take place
Transport from towns to teh country was poor which deterred people from different countries to participate
Long working hours in factories decreased leisure time
Low wages low disposiable income for particpation in sport
Workers too tired for leisure actvity
12 hours workign day means that t was dark before and after work.
Machines began to control the amount of time spent at work
Oly sundays spent away from work
The effect of teh urban revolution on sport
Meant large populations movign into cities and towns where tehrre was a lac fo space fr recreation
Poor trasnport from towns to rural areas and lack of disposiable income meant that people couol not partica or travel for sport
Longer worker hours made oppurtunities for leisure difficult
What declined after teh industrial revolution
The influence of teh rural element fromt eh popualr recreatio era (social disorder violence, alcohol, church holidays) steadily declined after teh industrial revolution. Making way for a new era rational recreation.
How was sport caracteritised in the post industrial era
BY teh devlopment of codification
Improved conditions of work: The effect of industrialisation on teh devlopmetn fo rational recreation
Saturday half day allowed afternon sport
Shrter wrking week
Early closing movemnt by shop workers
Communcation: The sporting press was established
Transport: Better trasnport means more fixtures
Technology
Characteritics of popular recreation
Regulated National Universal COdified Urban Festival Respectable Regular Regulatd
The effect of education on rational sports
More people became more literate therfore rules adn tactics coudl be implemented which lead to less violent behaviour
The effect of trasnport systems on sport
Lead ot more fixtures being played outside of local area therfore more popel could participate in sportq
Pre industrial Britain characteristics
Rural countryside Soceity split into two social classes Women seen as weaker sex Miinmal law and order Only upper class educated Limited transport Religion strongly followed
Mob characteristics
Mass game with few rules adn equipment
Violent
Lower class
Animal baiting, hunting and fighting charcateritics
Lower class:
Upper class
Excessive gambling
No laws to limit violence or animal cruelty
Cricket characteritics
Plenty of spce dor cricket due to rural land Mostly upper class, different roles allowed lower class to play, but reflected their status: Gentry ameaturs: Batted which reflected their positions as priveldged class Lower class professionals: Took labourign role of bowling
Holy day characteristics
Range of events bringing whole village together.
Only free tiime for working class
seperate events for women including archery
Pubs
Name some social and cultural factors affectign partcipation in sport Pre industrial
Social class Gender Law and order Educationa dn literacy Availability of itme Avalibaility of money Type of transport
Social
Different classes took part in different activities and had different roles
Socail calss affected access to sports
The nature of some actvities reflected teh class
Gender
Lower participation for woemn
Different genders took part in different actvities
Sports that were nit aggresive or didnt require strength for women
Law and order
Many sports had limited rulesand regulaiton and rules were laclised
Nothing was illegeal
Education adn literacy
Workign calss could only play simple sports with limited rules Workign class had unwritten rules
