Topic 5 The Catholic Threat Flashcards
What were Philips 3 personal aims (reasons for the armadas)?
Co-ruler of England when married Mary Tudor, both devout catholics
Wanted to ensure Spain remained largest and strongest empire in Europe
Planned ‘holy crusade’ re-establish Catholicism in England
When did William Allen set up a training college for Catholic Priests in Flanders?
1568
Who were seminary priests?
Priests trained in Roman Catholic colleges, sent to England to re-establish catholic faith
How many seminary priests were sent to England?
438
What were seminary priests prepared to be for their cause?
Martyrs
What did Parliament order in 1585 about seminary priests?
Leave country or put to death
How many seminary priests were sentenced to death?
98
Who were jesuits?
Members of ‘society of Jesus’, aim of destroying Protestantism
Who had jesuits sworn an oath of loyalty to?
Pope
When did the first Jesuits begin to arrive in England?
1580
What were 3 acts that the government passed in response to recusancy?
1581 increased fines against recusants
1585 ordered all Jesuits and seminary priests leave country or killed
1593 banned large gatherings of catholics and confided catholics to 5 mile radius of home
What did Edmund Campion do before arriving in England?
Trained as seminary priest then joined Jesuits
What did Edmund Campion do in Southern England?
Preached in homes of wealthy catholic families in London
What happened to Edmund Campion when he was caught?
Arrested at Lyford, Berkshire, tortured in Tower of London, hung for treason
When did Mary Queen of Scots flee across the border and arrive in England?
1568
What did Elizabeth decide to do with Mary when she arrived in England?
Hold her captive
When was the rebellion of the northern earls?
1569
Who was the rebellion of the northern earls led by?
Charles Neville (Earl of Westmoreland)
Thomas Percy (Earl of Northumberland)
What was the aim of the rebellion of the northern earls?
Marry Mary to Duke of Norfolk, replace Elizabeth with Mary
Why did the northern earls start the rebellion?
Elizabeth’s spies find out about marriage, Norfolk sent to tower
What were 3 reasons the rebellion of the northern earls failed?
Poor planning and leadership
Lack of foreign support
Popularity of Elizabeth
What were 3 consequences of the rebellion of the northern earls?
800 rebels executed
Norfolk released from prison
Northumberland captured and beheaded for treason
When was the excommunication of Elizabeth?
1570
What was the excommunication of Elizabeth?
Pope issued papal bull, called all catholics to remove Elizabeth from throne and released from oath of allegiance
How did parliament respond to the excommunication of Elizabeth?
Issue new Treason Act in 1571, made it treasonable to declare Elizabeth unlawful queen
When was the ridolfi plot?
1571
Who was the ridolfi plot organised/led by?
Roberto Ridolfi, florentine merchant and banker
Which 5 individuals were involved in the ridolfi plot?
Mary
Duke of Norfolk
Philip Spain
De Spes Spanish ambassador
Pope
What was the plan for the ridolfi plot?
Spanish army land, help overthrow Elizabeth, put Mary on throne
Who was the ridolfi plot discovered by?
William Cecil and Francis Walsingham
What were 3 consequences of the ridolfi plot?
Norfolk sentenced to death for treason
Ridolfi and De Spes expelled from country
Elizabeth refused execute Mary
When was the throckmorton plot?
1583-84
Who organised the throckmorton plot?
Francis Throckmorton, English catholic (acted as go between contacting various sides)
What was the plan for the throckmorton plot?
french catholic forces, backed by Spanish and papal money, invade England, free Mary from captivity, overthrow Elizabeth
What were 2 consequences of the throckmorton plot after it was discovered by Elizabeth’s secret service?
Throckmorton arrested, tortured, executed
Mary moved to Tutbury castle in Staffordshire, banned from receiving visitors, mail checked
When was the babington plot?
1586
Who organised the babington plot?
Anthony Babington, young catholic nobleman
What was the plan for the babington plot?
Overthrow Elizabeth, put Mary on throne
How was the babington plot discovered?
Letters written in code between Babington and Mary intercepted by Walsinghams spy network
How was Walsingham able to get absolute proof of Mary’s involvement in the Babington Plot?
Through deciphering coded letters
What were 3 consequences of the babington plot?
Babington arrested and confesssed
He and six other plotters executed
Walsingham and other privy counsellors demanded Mary executed
What did Elizabeth repeatedly refuse to do after Mary was found guilty for treason and sentenced to death?
Sign her death warrant
When was Mary executed?
8 February 1587
