topic 5 - personality judgement

Question 1

what are the different types of personality assessments?

Answer 1

1. clinical personality judgements (to help improve well-being)
2. formal assessment (tests)
3. amateur assessments (evaluated in terms of accuracy)

Question 2

what are expectancy effects?

Answer 2

behaviour is influenced by how others expect us to act (regardless of what we are really like)

Question 3

what is convergent validation?

Answer 3

the process of assembling diverse pieces of information that converge on a common conclusion (appearances, behaviours, ways of speaking, etc)

Question 4

what are the types of converging criteria?

Answer 4

1. inter-judge agreement: the degree to which two or more judges of the same person provide the same descriptions of personality
2. predictive validity: the degree to which a judgement can accurately predict behaviour

Question 5

what are the 7 basic aspects of first impressions?

Answer 5

1. accessibility
2. showing interest
3. conversational topics (intellectual self-presentation)
4. self-disclosure (emotional self-presentation)
5. dynamics
6. perspective
7. sex appeal

Question 6

what is a moderator variable?

Answer 6

a variable that affects the relationship between two other variables (the correlation between judgement and its criterion)

Question 7

what are the four types of moderating variables that impact the accuracy of personality judgements?

Answer 7

1. properties of the judge
2. properties of the target (person being judged)
3. nature of the trait being judged
4. nature of the information available to the judge

Question 8

what makes a good judge?

Answer 8

• being highly intelligent and conscientious
• invested in developing and maintaining relationships
• high in attributional complexity
• more positive
• low on dark triad traits

Question 9

what is judgability?

Answer 9

how accurately a person is typically judged by others

Question 10

what makes a good target?

Answer 10

• high on judgability
• stable, well-organized, and consistent behaviour
• psychologically well adjusted
• tend to be extraverted and agreeable

Question 11

what makes a good trait?

Answer 11

• easy to observe, highly visible

Question 12

what makes good information?

Answer 12

• quantity

- quality

Question 13

what is the acquaintanceship affect?

Answer 13

judgements by people who have known or observed the target for longer are more accurate

Question 14

how can one improve the accuracy of personality judgement?

Answer 14

• training
• be attentive
• attend to relevant cues
• create the right interpersonal environment

Question 15

what is the recency effect?

Answer 15

the tendency to remember the most recently presented information best