topic 4 - persons and situations

Question 1

what are personality traits?

Answer 1

habitual patterns of behaviour, thought, and emotion that are assumed to differ between individuals

Question 2

what type of design does most research within the trait approach rely on?

Answer 2

correlational designs

Question 3

what are the individual outcomes of someone scoring high on extraversion?

Answer 3

• happiness
• gratitude
• longevity
• mental health

Question 4

what are the interpersonal outcomes of someone scoring high on extraversion?

Answer 4

• peer acceptance
• dating success
• attractiveness
• status
• relationship success

Question 5

what are the institutional outcomes of someone scoring high on extraversion?

Answer 5

• work satisfaction
• community involvement
• leadership

Question 6

what are the individual outcomes of someone scoring high on agreeableness?

Answer 6

• religious involvement
• forgiveness
• humour
• heart health
• longevity
• mental health

Question 7

what are the interpersonal outcomes of someone scoring high on agreeableness?

Answer 7

• peer acceptance

- dating satisfaction

Question 8

what are the institutional outcomes of someone scoring high on agreeableness?

Answer 8

• social interests
• work attainment
• avoiding criminal acts

Question 9

what are the individual outcomes of someone scoring high on conscientiousness?

Answer 9

• religious beliefs
• longevity
• health habits
• avoiding drugs

Question 10

what are the interpersonal outcomes of someone scoring high on conscientiousness?

Answer 10

• family satisfaction

- dating satisfaction

Question 11

what are the institutional outcomes of someone scoring high on conscientiousness?

Answer 11

• job performance
• job success
• political conservatism
• avoiding criminal acts

Question 12

what are the individual outcomes of someone scoring high on neuroticism?

Answer 12

• unhappiness

- poor coping

Question 13

what are the interpersonal outcomes of someone scoring high on neuroticism?

Answer 13

• poor family relationships

Question 14

what are the institutional outcomes of someone scoring high on neuroticism?

Answer 14

• work dissatisfaction

- criminality

Question 15

what are the individual outcomes of someone scoring high on openness?

Answer 15

• forgiveness
• inspiration
• substance use

Question 16

what are the institutional outcomes of someone scoring high on openness?

Answer 16

• artistic interests

- political liberalism

Question 17

what is a strength of the trait approach?

Answer 17

assesses how people differ from one another

Question 18

what is a weakness of the trait approach?

Answer 18

neglects aspects of personality common to all people (universals) and how each person is unique

Question 19

what is situationism’s view of human nature?

Answer 19

• people are free to do whatever they want

- everybody is equal, and differences are a function of the situation

Question 20

what is personality’s view of human nature?

Answer 20

• behaviour is partly determined by personality
• every individual is unique
• people can develop consistent identities and styles that allow them to be themselves across situations
• personality traits contribute to relative, not absolute, consistency