topic 4 - persons and situations Flashcards
what are personality traits?
habitual patterns of behaviour, thought, and emotion that are assumed to differ between individuals
what type of design does most research within the trait approach rely on?
correlational designs
what are the individual outcomes of someone scoring high on extraversion?
- happiness
- gratitude
- longevity
- mental health
what are the interpersonal outcomes of someone scoring high on extraversion?
- peer acceptance
- dating success
- attractiveness
- status
- relationship success
what are the institutional outcomes of someone scoring high on extraversion?
- work satisfaction
- community involvement
- leadership
what are the individual outcomes of someone scoring high on agreeableness?
- religious involvement
- forgiveness
- humour
- heart health
- longevity
- mental health
what are the interpersonal outcomes of someone scoring high on agreeableness?
- peer acceptance
- dating satisfaction
what are the institutional outcomes of someone scoring high on agreeableness?
- social interests
- work attainment
- avoiding criminal acts
what are the individual outcomes of someone scoring high on conscientiousness?
- religious beliefs
- longevity
- health habits
- avoiding drugs
what are the interpersonal outcomes of someone scoring high on conscientiousness?
- family satisfaction
- dating satisfaction
what are the institutional outcomes of someone scoring high on conscientiousness?
- job performance
- job success
- political conservatism
- avoiding criminal acts
what are the individual outcomes of someone scoring high on neuroticism?
- unhappiness
- poor coping
what are the interpersonal outcomes of someone scoring high on neuroticism?
- poor family relationships
what are the institutional outcomes of someone scoring high on neuroticism?
- work dissatisfaction
- criminality
what are the individual outcomes of someone scoring high on openness?
- forgiveness
- inspiration
- substance use
what are the institutional outcomes of someone scoring high on openness?
- artistic interests
- political liberalism
what is a strength of the trait approach?
assesses how people differ from one another
what is a weakness of the trait approach?
neglects aspects of personality common to all people (universals) and how each person is unique
what is situationism’s view of human nature?
- people are free to do whatever they want
- everybody is equal, and differences are a function of the situation
what is personality’s view of human nature?
- behaviour is partly determined by personality
- every individual is unique
- people can develop consistent identities and styles that allow them to be themselves across situations
- personality traits contribute to relative, not absolute, consistency
