Topic 5: Organotrophy Flashcards
Glycolysis occurs in the…
Cytosol
In the reduction of NAD+ to NADH, the molecule will…
Gain 2 electrons and 1 protons
Which of the following molecules would NOT be considered a product of glycolysis?
ADP, ATP, NAD+, NADH, or Pyruvate?
NAD+
What is the purpose of lactic acid fermentation?
To allow glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen
Dough rising when baking is due to…
Carbon dioxide production during ethanol fermentation by the yeast
The term for the release of CO2 during pyruvate oxidation is….
decarboxylation
After the completion of the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecules is in…
NADH
Describe the flow of electrons through Complex 2
FADH2 -> Complex 2 -> UQ
Proton Motive Force is…
A ratio of protons on one side of a membrane to the other side
Why does chemiosmosis involve?
A proton gradient across a membrane that drives ATP Synthesis
The part of the ATP Synthase that is responsible for phosphorylating ADP is…
The F1 part of the enzyme
A chemolithotroph would be able to use which of the following molecules as an electron donor to the electron transport chain?
SO4 (2-)
NO3 -
H2S
NADH
H2S
Why is glucose a good source of free energy?
Combusts and burns in the presence of oxygen because of C-C and C-H bonds (high energy)
What is the best electron acceptor, and why?
Oxygen! Because of its high electronegativity
Where does Pyruvate oxidation occur?
Cytology, then Matrix
What is the end product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Which part of cellular respiration produces ATP through oxidation phosphorylation?
Oxidative phosphorylation/chemiosmosis
What happens to NAD+ during glycolysis?
It becomes reduced to NADH
Which two types of facilitated transport are present in pyruvate oxidation?
Secondary active symport and facilitated transport
How many molecules of CO2 are released per molecule of Acetyl CoA used?
2
Which of the complex proteins does NOT have any involvement with pumping protons?
Complex 2
What is the purpose of Ubiquinone?
A hydrophobic electron taxi. Complex 1 to 3, Complex 2 to 3
What is the purpose of Cytochrome C?
A hydrophilic electron taxi. Complex 3 to 4
What role does Ubiquinone play in the Proton Motor Force?
Shuttles H+ from the matrix to the IMS, against their concentration gradient
Which part is most efficient in synthesizing ATP?
Chemiosmosis
On average, how much ATP is produced throughout the entire process (1 mol Glucose)
32 ATP
Describe the 2 components of ATP Synthase
F0, which brings ions across the membrane.
F1, which synthesizes ADP
What is the polymer form of glucose for storage in a) plants and b) animals
a) starch
b) glycogen
Fatty acids are the polymer form of what molecule for long term storage?
Acetyl CoA
Anaerobic respiration occurs in…
Prokaryotes
Where does aerobic respiration occur in prokaryotic cells?
In the cytosol and on the cell membrane
What are is a possible final electron acceptor in the case of anaerobic respiration?
SO4 (2-)
NO3-
What parts of cellular respiration does chemolithotrophy require?
ETC and oxidation phosphorylation
What has the weakest PMF?
Chemolithotrophy (shitty electron donor)
What has the strongest PMF?
Aerobic respiration
How is PMF strength quantified?
ATP produced per electron donor
When a cell produces ethanol from pyruvate, which of the following molecules is not a direct reactant or product?
CO2
Pyruvate
NAD+
Acetyl CoA
None of the above
Acetyl CoA
In the Krebs cycle, ATP molecules are produced by…
Substrate-level phosphorylation
In eukaryotic cells, where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
Mitochondrial Outer membrane????
