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Bio 241 > Topic 5: Organotrophy > Flashcards

Topic 5: Organotrophy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Glycolysis occurs in the…

A

Cytosol

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2
Q

In the reduction of NAD+ to NADH, the molecule will…

A

Gain 2 electrons and 1 protons

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3
Q

Which of the following molecules would NOT be considered a product of glycolysis?
ADP, ATP, NAD+, NADH, or Pyruvate?

A

NAD+

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4
Q

What is the purpose of lactic acid fermentation?

A

To allow glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen

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5
Q

Dough rising when baking is due to…

A

Carbon dioxide production during ethanol fermentation by the yeast

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6
Q

The term for the release of CO2 during pyruvate oxidation is….

A

decarboxylation

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7
Q

After the completion of the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecules is in…

A

NADH

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8
Q

Describe the flow of electrons through Complex 2

A

FADH2 -> Complex 2 -> UQ

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9
Q

Proton Motive Force is…

A

A ratio of protons on one side of a membrane to the other side

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10
Q

Why does chemiosmosis involve?

A

A proton gradient across a membrane that drives ATP Synthesis

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11
Q

The part of the ATP Synthase that is responsible for phosphorylating ADP is…

A

The F1 part of the enzyme

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12
Q

A chemolithotroph would be able to use which of the following molecules as an electron donor to the electron transport chain?
SO4 (2-)
NO3 -
H2S
NADH

A

H2S

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13
Q

Why is glucose a good source of free energy?

A

Combusts and burns in the presence of oxygen because of C-C and C-H bonds (high energy)

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14
Q

What is the best electron acceptor, and why?

A

Oxygen! Because of its high electronegativity

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15
Q

Where does Pyruvate oxidation occur?

A

Cytology, then Matrix

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16
Q

What is the end product of glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate

17
Q

Which part of cellular respiration produces ATP through oxidation phosphorylation?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation/chemiosmosis

18
Q

What happens to NAD+ during glycolysis?

A

It becomes reduced to NADH

19
Q

Which two types of facilitated transport are present in pyruvate oxidation?

A

Secondary active symport and facilitated transport

20
Q

How many molecules of CO2 are released per molecule of Acetyl CoA used?

A

2

21
Q

Which of the complex proteins does NOT have any involvement with pumping protons?

A

Complex 2

22
Q

What is the purpose of Ubiquinone?

A

A hydrophobic electron taxi. Complex 1 to 3, Complex 2 to 3

23
Q

What is the purpose of Cytochrome C?

A

A hydrophilic electron taxi. Complex 3 to 4

24
Q

What role does Ubiquinone play in the Proton Motor Force?

A

Shuttles H+ from the matrix to the IMS, against their concentration gradient

25
Q

Which part is most efficient in synthesizing ATP?

A

Chemiosmosis

26
Q

On average, how much ATP is produced throughout the entire process (1 mol Glucose)

A

32 ATP

27
Q

Describe the 2 components of ATP Synthase

A

F0, which brings ions across the membrane.
F1, which synthesizes ADP

28
Q

What is the polymer form of glucose for storage in a) plants and b) animals

A

a) starch
b) glycogen

29
Q

Fatty acids are the polymer form of what molecule for long term storage?

A

Acetyl CoA

30
Q

Anaerobic respiration occurs in…

A

Prokaryotes

31
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur in prokaryotic cells?

A

In the cytosol and on the cell membrane

32
Q

What are is a possible final electron acceptor in the case of anaerobic respiration?

A

SO4 (2-)
NO3-

33
Q

What parts of cellular respiration does chemolithotrophy require?

A

ETC and oxidation phosphorylation

34
Q

What has the weakest PMF?

A

Chemolithotrophy (shitty electron donor)

35
Q

What has the strongest PMF?

A

Aerobic respiration

36
Q

How is PMF strength quantified?

A

ATP produced per electron donor

37
Q

When a cell produces ethanol from pyruvate, which of the following molecules is not a direct reactant or product?
CO2
Pyruvate
NAD+
Acetyl CoA
None of the above

A

Acetyl CoA

38
Q

In the Krebs cycle, ATP molecules are produced by…

A

Substrate-level phosphorylation

39
Q

In eukaryotic cells, where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

A

Mitochondrial Outer membrane????

Bio 241 (5 decks)

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