Topic 4: Enzymes Flashcards
Most enzymes are…
Proteins
Proteins are polymers of….
Amino acids
How many R groups are attached to a C in an ionized amino acid? Name them
- Amino group, R group, carboxyl group, and a H+
Amino acids are linked together to form…
peptides
A peptide is…
a polymer of amino acids
A polypeptide is…
a peptide with more than ten amino acids
A protein is…
a polypeptide folded into a fuctional 3D shape (conformation)
Primary structure of a protein..
Polypeptide: the raw sequence of Amino acids
Secondary structure (2)
The folding of polypeptide into helices and sheets
Tertiary structure
When the secondary structure is folded into the 3D shape of a protein (lots of interaction between R groups)
Quaternary structure (3 points)
1) only some proteins have it
2) Stabilized by H-bonding among…
3) multiple subunits
Types of subunits combinations possible (2):
Homo (same) -trimer (three)
Hetero (different) -trimer (three)
Examples of proteins with quaternary structures?
Hemoglobin, polypeptide chain, collagen fibre
Describe homopentamer (2 points)
Each subunit has the same primary structure
It has quaternary structure
What can the addition of an enzyme catalyst change in a reaction? (2)
The rate of reaction & the activation energy of a reaction
In an induced fit model, the enzyme…
changes shape when a substrate enter the active site (pinching it)
Which four factors might affect the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction?
Enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, and pH
If the final product of a biochemical pathway reduces the function of the first enzyme in the pathway, this is an example of…
feedback inhibition
Allosteric enzymes have a…
binding site for inhibitor/activator molecules
In ______ structure, of a protein, hydrogen bonds between peptide residues on one polypeptide and peptide residues on another polypeptide contribute to the overall function
Quaternary
A peptide bond is…
a covalent bond between Amino acids in a polypeptide
Why do chemical reactions tend to speed up then the reactants are heated? (2)
The reactants move faster so they collide with enzymes more often & the collisions between reactants and enzymes are more likely to reach the transition state
How can temperature negatively impact enzyme activity?
By denaturing the enzyme
