Topic 4: Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

Most enzymes are…

A

Proteins

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2
Q

Proteins are polymers of….

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

How many R groups are attached to a C in an ionized amino acid? Name them

A
  1. Amino group, R group, carboxyl group, and a H+
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4
Q

Amino acids are linked together to form…

A

peptides

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5
Q

A peptide is…

A

a polymer of amino acids

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6
Q

A polypeptide is…

A

a peptide with more than ten amino acids

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7
Q

A protein is…

A

a polypeptide folded into a fuctional 3D shape (conformation)

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8
Q

Primary structure of a protein..

A

Polypeptide: the raw sequence of Amino acids

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9
Q

Secondary structure (2)

A

The folding of polypeptide into helices and sheets

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10
Q

Tertiary structure

A

When the secondary structure is folded into the 3D shape of a protein (lots of interaction between R groups)

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11
Q

Quaternary structure (3 points)

A

1) only some proteins have it
2) Stabilized by H-bonding among…
3) multiple subunits

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12
Q

Types of subunits combinations possible (2):

A

Homo (same) -trimer (three)
Hetero (different) -trimer (three)

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13
Q

Examples of proteins with quaternary structures?

A

Hemoglobin, polypeptide chain, collagen fibre

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14
Q

Describe homopentamer (2 points)

A

Each subunit has the same primary structure
It has quaternary structure

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15
Q

What can the addition of an enzyme catalyst change in a reaction? (2)

A

The rate of reaction & the activation energy of a reaction

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16
Q

In an induced fit model, the enzyme…

A

changes shape when a substrate enter the active site (pinching it)

17
Q

Which four factors might affect the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction?

A

Enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, and pH

18
Q

If the final product of a biochemical pathway reduces the function of the first enzyme in the pathway, this is an example of…

A

feedback inhibition

19
Q

Allosteric enzymes have a…

A

binding site for inhibitor/activator molecules

20
Q

In ______ structure, of a protein, hydrogen bonds between peptide residues on one polypeptide and peptide residues on another polypeptide contribute to the overall function

A

Quaternary

21
Q

A peptide bond is…

A

a covalent bond between Amino acids in a polypeptide

22
Q

Why do chemical reactions tend to speed up then the reactants are heated? (2)

A

The reactants move faster so they collide with enzymes more often & the collisions between reactants and enzymes are more likely to reach the transition state

23
Q

How can temperature negatively impact enzyme activity?

A

By denaturing the enzyme