Topic 1: Cells Flashcards
According to endosymbiotic theory, why was it beneficial for the host cell to keep the symbiont cell alive?
The symbiont provided the host cell with ATP
When the volume of the cell increases by 8x…
The size of the cell doubles
The ‘domain’ classification system classifies organism based on similarity and differences in…
rRNA (ribosomal) gene sequence
Which classical kingdom contained primarily unicellular prokaryotic cells?
Monera
Autotrophs….
Obtain carbon from inorganic molecules (CO2)
Neither energy nor matter moves in or out in…
an isolated system
Only example of an isolated system
The universe
Evidence of endosymbiotic theory
mitochondria and cytoplasms divide by binary fission, just as prokaryotic cells do
Evidence of endosymbiotic theory
Mitochondria and cytoplasm are about the same size and shape as typical prokaryotic cells
Evidence of endosymbiotic theory
There are many symbiotic relationships between bacteria and eukaryotic cells today
An organism that uses C6H12O6 as a source of energy and CO2 as its carbon source is…
a chemoorganoautotroph
DNA in eukaryotic cells is….
organised into linear chromosomes
The type of ribosomes that eukaryotic cells possess
80S ribosomes
What three parts of a plant cell contain DNA?
the Nucleus, the Chloroplasts, and the Mitochondria
ATP provides energy by…
chemical transfer of a phosphate group
Organism that derives energy from H2 gas and synthesizes organic compounds from carbon-containing inorganic molecules
Chemolithoautotroph
What did Linnaeus use to classify organisms?
Their morphological similarities
Litho means….
Inorganic energy source
Humans are….
Eukaryotes
Phototrophs gain energy from….
Solar energy
A similarity between mitochondria and chloroplasts
They both contain a circular DNA molecule
Prokaryotic Chromosome is….
The circular DNA molecule in prokaryotes
‘Prokaryote’ means….
‘Before curdling’
The cytosol is made up of….
Ions and various organic molecules
Relative to eukaryotes, prokaryotic cells are ________ in size
Smaller
__________ have a lot more genetic and structural variety than _______
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotic cells are smaller because…….
Their relatively large surface area is their primary way of obtaining nutrients
Horizontal Gene Transfer occurs when…
A gene from one species becomes part of the genome of another species
Luca is….
Last Unknown Common Ancestor
‘Hetero’ in relation to trophic naming means…
Inorganic carbon source
‘Litho’ when relating to trophic naming means…
Inorganic chemical/nutrient source
I’m the 5-Kingdom Taxonomy, phylum is more/less specific than order
Less
What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?
A nucleus!
According to thenEndosymbiotic Theory, eukaryotes are….
An archaea-Bacteria hybrid
What are the three components of cell theory?
1) All organisms are composed of cells
2) The cell is the most basic functional unit of all living organisms
3) Cells come from other cells
