Topic 1: Cells Flashcards

1
Q

According to endosymbiotic theory, why was it beneficial for the host cell to keep the symbiont cell alive?

A

The symbiont provided the host cell with ATP

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2
Q

When the volume of the cell increases by 8x…

A

The size of the cell doubles

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3
Q

The ‘domain’ classification system classifies organism based on similarity and differences in…

A

rRNA (ribosomal) gene sequence

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4
Q

Which classical kingdom contained primarily unicellular prokaryotic cells?

A

Monera

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5
Q

Autotrophs….

A

Obtain carbon from inorganic molecules (CO2)

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6
Q

Neither energy nor matter moves in or out in…

A

an isolated system

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7
Q

Only example of an isolated system

A

The universe

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8
Q

Evidence of endosymbiotic theory

A

mitochondria and cytoplasms divide by binary fission, just as prokaryotic cells do

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9
Q

Evidence of endosymbiotic theory

A

Mitochondria and cytoplasm are about the same size and shape as typical prokaryotic cells

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10
Q

Evidence of endosymbiotic theory

A

There are many symbiotic relationships between bacteria and eukaryotic cells today

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11
Q

An organism that uses C6H12O6 as a source of energy and CO2 as its carbon source is…

A

a chemoorganoautotroph

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12
Q

DNA in eukaryotic cells is….

A

organised into linear chromosomes

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13
Q

The type of ribosomes that eukaryotic cells possess

A

80S ribosomes

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14
Q

What three parts of a plant cell contain DNA?

A

the Nucleus, the Chloroplasts, and the Mitochondria

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15
Q

ATP provides energy by…

A

chemical transfer of a phosphate group

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16
Q

Organism that derives energy from H2 gas and synthesizes organic compounds from carbon-containing inorganic molecules

A

Chemolithoautotroph

17
Q

What did Linnaeus use to classify organisms?

A

Their morphological similarities

18
Q

Litho means….

A

Inorganic energy source

19
Q

Humans are….

A

Eukaryotes

20
Q

Phototrophs gain energy from….

A

Solar energy

21
Q

A similarity between mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

They both contain a circular DNA molecule

22
Q

Prokaryotic Chromosome is….

A

The circular DNA molecule in prokaryotes

23
Q

‘Prokaryote’ means….

A

‘Before curdling’

24
Q

The cytosol is made up of….

A

Ions and various organic molecules

25
Relative to eukaryotes, prokaryotic cells are ________ in size
Smaller
26
__________ have a lot more genetic and structural variety than _______
Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
27
Prokaryotic cells are smaller because…….
Their relatively large surface area is their primary way of obtaining nutrients
28
Horizontal Gene Transfer occurs when…
A gene from one species becomes part of the genome of another species
29
Luca is….
Last Unknown Common Ancestor
30
‘Hetero’ in relation to trophic naming means…
Inorganic carbon source
31
‘Litho’ when relating to trophic naming means…
Inorganic chemical/nutrient source
32
I’m the 5-Kingdom Taxonomy, phylum is more/less specific than order
Less
33
What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?
A nucleus!
34
According to thenEndosymbiotic Theory, eukaryotes are….
An archaea-Bacteria hybrid
35
What are the three components of cell theory?
1) All organisms are composed of cells 2) The cell is the most basic functional unit of all living organisms 3) Cells come from other cells