Topic 5 - Management of adverse drug reactions: allergic reaction/anaphylaxis

Question 1

Recognition of anaphylaxis A to E:

Answer 1

A – angioedema, stridor, hoarse voice – caused by airway swelling
B – difficulty breathing, increased WOB, tachypnoea, wheeze, cyanosis, low sats
C – pale, clammy, tachycardia, low blood pressure, signs of shock cardiac arrest.
D – confusion, reduced consciousness, feeling of doom
E – flushing, hives mottling

Question 2

What is the first line drug for anaphylaxis?

Answer 2

Adrenaline 1:1,000 - Resuscitation Council (2021)

Question 3

What dose of adrenaline would you give?

Answer 3

Adult and child > 12 years: 500 micrograms IM (0.5 mL)
Child 6-12 years: 300 micrograms IM (0.3 mL)
Child 6 months to 6 years: 150 micrograms IM (0.15 mL)
Child <6 months: 100-150 micrograms IM (0.1-0.15 mL)

Question 4

Actions you should take in anaphylaxis state here:

Answer 4

• Remove trigger – stop drug infusion
• Call for help
• Follow anaphylaxis protocol
• A-e assessment as before
• Give IM injection adrenaline 1:1000, 15L oxygen and 10ml/kg fluids
• Make sure posture is appropriate, get them to sit or lay down if not already doing so.
• Hydrocortisone or antihistamine