TOPIC 5 HEAT STRESS SURVEY Flashcards
MANAGE the heat stress monitoring program, in accordance with Navy Occupational
Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST
5100.19 Series.
As an Independent Duty Corpsman you will be required to perform heat stress
monitoring and provide recommendations to the chain of command to prevent heat
stress injuries.
DEFINE heat stress. (Reference Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH)
Program Manual for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST 5100.19 Series).
(1) Any combination of air temperature, thermal radiation, humidity, airflow, and work load which stress the body as it attempts to regulate temperature.***
(2) Heat stress becomes excessive when the body’s capability to adjust is exceeded, resulting in an increase of body temperature. This can cause heat injury or DEATH.
LIST the factors causing heat stress. (Reference Navy Occupational Safety and Health
(NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST 5100.19 Series)
(1) Thermal Radiation*
(a) Sun
(b) Heat Source (Incinerator, Engines, generators, Laundry Dryers, etc.)
(2) Ventilation – Airflow*
(a) Forced Air Systems – Intake of Outside Air into Workspace (Spot-Cooling)
(b) Forced Exhaust Systems – Removes stagnant or Increased Concentrations of
Hazardous fumes or contaminants
1) Red Devil Blowers
(3) Humidity – Moisture in the Air*
(a) Steam Leaks
(b) Bilge Water
(c) Condensation
(4) Air/Sea Water Temperature – Intake Valves that allow Sea water/Outside Air to be utilized for cooling for shipboard equipment systems.*
(a) Refrigeration units
(b) Engines
(c) Generators
(d) Evaporators for Fresh Water Consumption
DEFINE acclimatization (Reference Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST 5100.19 Series).
(1) The act of becoming accustomed to temperature or new environment.
(2) The body becomes more efficient in coping with heat stress. *
(3) Occurs gradually*
(a) Usually within 3 weeks or more*.
LIST personal factors contributing to heat stress injuries (6. Reference Navy
Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat,
OPNAVINST 5100.19 Series).
(1) Past exposure to heat injuries will affect an individual’s ability to adapt to new
situations. *
(a) Decreases the ability to handle heat stress conditions.
(2) Current health status and use of medications may alter physiological body
changes. *
(a) G6PD
(b) Sickle cell Trait
(3) Exercise and fluid intake (dehydration)*
(4) Medication*
(5) Alcohol Intake*
(6) Lack of sleep*
(7) Drugs
. LIST the areas aboard ship where heat stress injuries are most common. (Reference
Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat,
OPNAVINST 5100.19 Series).
(1) Heat Stress can occur in any space of the ship.
(2) Spaces most common in:
(a) Machinery Spaces*
(b) Laundries*
(c) Sculleries (PHELV)/Galleys
(d) Incinerator Room
(e) Flight decks***
LIST the contributors to heat stress conditions aboard ship. (Reference Navy
Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat,
OPNAVINST 5100.19 Series).
Causes and Contributors to Heat Stress Conditions:
(1) Steam and Water Leaks*
(2) Boiler Air Casing Leaks
(3) Missing/Deteriorated Thermal Insulation
(4) Ventilation Deficiencies*
(5) Weather Conditions
(6) Arduous Operation***
STATE the use of the Physiological Heat Exposure Limits (PHEL) chart. (Reference
Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat,
OPNAVINST 5100.19 Series).
(1) A set of 6 curves that compare the WBGT index and the degree of effort or work rate to determine the maximum permissible exposure to the heat stress
environment.
(2) The PHEL curves and work rates are established by the Industrial Hygienist and NAVSEA when a class of ships is designed and placed into service.*
(3) The Industrial Hygienist determines individual Heat Stress Condition locations.
The local command creates a locally prepared form using the OPNAVINST
5100.19 as a guide for necessary information and routing instructions.
(4) Assignment of PHEL Curves
(a) Routine operations*
1) Light work include sweeping down, painting, cleaning lube oil strainers.*
(b) Non-routine operations*
1) Use the next higher PHEL when determining stay time.*
2) Increase in normal watch stander work rate, and minor equipment casualty.
(c) ECC Exercises
1) Evacuation Control Center drills.
(d) Heavy work load
1) Example: Replacing large valves, cleaning lube oil dumps disassembly
reassembly or large or heavy equipment.
2) Assign stay time using PHEL VI
(5) Stay Time (Work/Rest Cycles)*
(a) Maximum allowable time personnel may work in heat stress conditions at a given workload.*
(6) Recovery Time*
(a) Is defined as a minimum of twice the stay time as determined by the PHEL chart or 4 hours whichever is shorter.*
(7) Fuel Combustion Gases (Stack gas)*
(a) Definition – Combustion gases which may accumulate in a space due to inadequate
ventilation or machinery malfunction.***
(b) Physiological Effects on exposure to Stack Gas are intensified by heat stress
conditions.
(c) Causes vasodilatation on peripheral blood vessels which results in further
impairment of the cardiovascular system.
(d) Signs and Symptoms
1) Watery eyes
2) Dyspnea
3) Tingling or numbness of the tip of the tongue, tip of the nose, finger tips or toes.
4) Mild sensation of alcohol intoxication.
(e) Action
1) Reduce exposure limits if two or more of the exposure symptoms are detected.
2) Determine new PHEL using Table B2-A-5 or divide current PHEL stay-time by
3.
LIST the training requirements for the Heat Stress Program. (Reference Navy
Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat,
OPNAVINST 5100.19 Series)
(1) The MDR must provide heat stress training for all newly reporting personnel
during indoctrination and annually thereafter.*
(a) Film “Play it Cool: Heat Stress Prevention Afloat” for All Hands.
(2) At a minimum training must include:*
(a) Hazards
(b) Symptoms of Exposure
(c) Heat Stress First Aid
(d) Heat Stress monitoring
(e) Causes of Heat Stress
(3) Heat Stress Monitors must receive training within 12 weeks upon assignment.*
(a) Complete Heat Stress surveyor watch station 318 of the safety programs afloat personnel qualifications standards (PQS), NAVEDTRA 43704*
STATE the requirements for reporting heat stress injuries. (Reference Prevention and
Treatment of Heat and Cold Stress Injuries, NMCPHC-TM-OEM 6260.6 Series)
a. Report using Accident & Injury Report. (Local in the ship)*
b. Report to the Naval Safety Center should be made using the Web Enabled Safety
System (WESS). (letting NAVSAFCEN know)*
c. All Navy heat stress-related injuries should be reported through the Naval Disease Reporting System (NDRS).* (letting the whole navy know)
d. Use Medical Event Report format if command does not have access to NDRS.*
STATE the requirements of a heat stress survey. (Reference Navy Occupational Safety
and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST 5100.19
Series)
(1) All heat stress monitoring reports will be reviewed by the SMDR for inaccuracies and QA checks. The SMDR will make recommendations based on crew health status.
(2) The Supervisor or Engineering Officer of the Watch (EOOW) will make
notation of any existing problems and corrective actions implemented.
(3) The heat stress surveyor must check to ensure that the WB < DB; GT ≥ DB; and WB < WBGT < GT*
(4) Prior to Engineering Casualty or Damage Control Training Team (ECCTT/DCTT) drills, the Drill Supervisor must be informed of the current STAY TIMES.*
(5) Routed to XO/CO for their comments and required actions, if any.
(6) Routine reports where no administrative controls are required, submit at 8
o’clock reports. (2000 time frame).
(7) Heat stress surveys that have reduced Stay Times must be routed through the
chain and CO notification achieved for work shift alterations to occur.*
(8) ALL REPORTS will be maintained by the SMDR for 1 YEAR.*
(9) SAMS generated reports are authorized and can be maintained on file by computer storage for periodic inspection by ISIC or higher authority.
b. Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements
(1) Dry Bulb Thermometer
(a) Function:
1) Measures the ambient air temperature at work sites where heat stress conditions
exist.*
2) Serves as an indicator for further heat stress monitoring by the use of a WBGT meter.*
(b) Placement of Hanging Dry Bulb
1) Shall be permanently mounted at watch and work stations where heat stress may exist.*
2) May be temporarily mounted to monitor heat conditions at temporary work sites.
3) Must be properly shielded from radiant heat levels or other influencing
(heat/cold) factors.
(c) Accuracy
1) Must be within 4 F of the WBGT meter to be representative of the workspace temperature.*
2) If not within 4 F of the WBGT, the dry bulb thermometer shall be re-positioned to ensure representative temperature.*
(d) Reading of DB Temperatures:
1) Every 4 hours for manned spaces if DB temperature does not exceed 85 degree Fahrenheit.
2) Must be read and recorded hourly:
a) Heat Casualties**
b) If DB temperature exceeds 85 degrees Fahrenheit.
(e) Recording of DB Temperatures
1) Routine
a) Recorded on appropriate log sheet.
b) Reviewed by supervisor once each watch or shift.
2) High Temperatures
a) Circle in red 100 F or higher DB temperatures.**
b) Notify Supervisor Immediately.
c) Heat Stress Monitor shall monitor all workstations within that space with
WBGT Meter.
3) Heat Stress Monitoring Sheet
a) Dry Bulb Temperatures shall be recorded on the Heat Stress Monitoring Sheet during WBGT monitoring.
(2) Heat Stress Meter
(a) Function: Independently measures:
1) Dry bulb temperature sensor (Ambient)*
a) Temperature measured with an ordinary alcohol-in-glass thermometer whose bulb is kept dry and shielded from radiation.
2) Wet bulb temperature sensor (Humidity)*
a) Temperature measured with a thermometer, similar to that used for dry-bulb
temperature, except that a wet wick is fitted closely over the bulb (or
sensor).
3) Globe (radiant) temperature sensor*
a) An integration of radiant and convective (heating or cooling effects of air movement) heat transfer (heat gained or loss).
4) WBGT Index
a) A measurement of environmental conditions (heat stress). Consists of a weighted average of dry-bulb, wet bulb, and globe Temperatures.
b) Equation to Determine WBGT Index: (0.1 x DB)+(0.7 x WB)+(0.2 x GT)*
(b) Purpose:
1) Helps to determine the Physiological Heat Exposure Limit (PHEL) and
Environmental heat stress conditions by computing the WBGT Index.
(c) Types
1) Only approved WBGT meter/monitor can be used.
a) RSS-220 - WBGT Meter*
b) QUESTemp 48N Heat Stress Monitor*
c. Monitoring Heat Stress Conditions
(1) Required Monitoring Conditions:
(a) At all manned watch/workstations within the Space whenever the temperature from
a permanently mounted hanging DB thermometer reaches or exceeds the following temperature requirements.
1) PHEL I through III when watch work length is 4 hours or less and DB is equal
or greater than 100 degrees.
2) PHEL I through III when watch/workstation length is greater than 4 hours and
DB is equal or greater than 90 degrees.
3) PHEL IV through VI and DB is equal or greater than 85 degrees.
(b) In any space where a heat causality occurs.
(c) During a drill set that exceeds 3 hours in duration. (No required in areas not affected
by the drill or in unmanned areas).
(d) When directed by the Commanding Officer
d. Follow-on surveys
(1) If they survey resulted in a stay-time greater than the duration of the normal
watch or work period and did not require a change from the normal watch/workstation time. Then no further follow-on surveys are required, unless
the DB temperature increases by more than 5 degrees from the hanging dry bulb temperature in the previous survey.*
(2) When a survey resulted in a PHEL stay time less than the duration of the
watch/workstation time then adjustment of the watch/workstation duration will be made. No further survey is required unless the Db temperature increases by 5 degrees or returns to normal.***
STATE the procedures for using the RS-220 Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WGBT)
meter or QuesTemp 48N Heat Stress Monitor. (Reference Navy Occupational Safety and
Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST 5100.19 Series).
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT)
(1) RSS-220 WBGT Meter
(a) Perform Calibration Checks
1) Acceptable range is 100.0 + or - 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit, if the meter is operating
properly.**
(b) Survey Procedures
1) Place meter at watch stander’s normal working position.
a) Wait 5 minutes for the initial DB reading and wait 3 minutes for subsequent
readings.
2) Ensure ventilation is arranged normally to the worker and your measurement
techniques reflect this.
3) DB/WB sensors should face air flow.
4) Hold WBGT Meter at chest level approximately 1 foot away from the body.
(2) QUESTemp 48N Heat Stress Monitor
(a) Turn the unit ON. If the battery voltage displayed during the power-on sequence is less than or equal to 6.4 volts, replace or recharge the batteries.
(b) Be aware that the sensor require to wait 10 minutes after turning the monitor on until taking the initial reading. If meter is moved from one site to another, the meter
should be at each site for 5 minutes to allow for stabilization. *
(c) In the main menu, VIEW will be selected (an indicator arrow denotes the selected
menu)
(d) Press the I/O ENTER key and the measurement screen will appear.
(e) Press RUN/STOP key to begin data logging.
(f) Use the Arrow keys to set the display to the desired items.
(g) Hold meter at chest level, 18” away from the body.*
(3) Automated Heat Stress System (AHSS)
(a) Must be mounted in a position so they indicate the most accurate representative temperature for the area where workers and watch standers spend the majority of time their time.
(b) For ships with an automated heat stress system (AHSS) installed, ensure at least two portable WBGT meters are available on board.*
(c) Calibration is not required for the AHSS.
(4) Recording readings
(a) All WBGT readings shall be recorded and the following information shall be documented:
1) Specific locations monitored
2) Hanging DB temperature
3) WBGT Readings to include DB, WB, GT, and WBGT Index
4) Determined Exposure Limits
5) Next WBGT monitoring time
6) Availability of Potable Water
7) Manual Calculation of the WBGT Index
8) Any noted discrepancies such as missing lagging
9) Circle in red all exposure limits less than the watch period.*
(5) Routing of survey
(a) Immediately notify the supervisor.
(b) Supervisors (DH) shall notify CO with:
1) Condition
2) Personal Protective Measures
3) Action to reduce heat
a) These actions shall be noted on the Heat Stress Monitoring Sheet.
