Topic 5 Greece Flashcards
Sea that connected and unified all the parts of Greece
Aegean
Was home to a brilliant early civilization and first European civilization
Crete
What we call the people who built Crete
Minoans
Vast palace built by the Minoans. Housed rooms for Royal family
Knossos
Areas dedicated to the honor of gods and goddesses
Shrines
Paintings in watercolor done on wet plaster
Frescos
First identified Greeks
Mycenaeans
Took place around 1250. It’s origins were in economic rivalry
Trojan War
Narrow water passages that connected the Mediterranean and black seas
Straits
Blind poet who wandered from village to village singing of heroic deeds. Writing focused on honor, courage, faithfulness, and eloquence
Homer
Chief source of information about the Trojan War. Major theme and first word is anger
The Iliad
Tells us of the many struggles of the Greek hero Odysseus on his return home to his faithful wife. First word is man
The odyssey
Extends southward into the eastern Mediterranean Sea
Balkan Peninsula
A unique version of the city state built on two levels
Polis
High city that stood on a hilltop, had great marble temples dedicated to different gods and goddesses
Acropolis
Free residents
Citizens
Government in which a hereditary ruler, such as a king or queen, exercises central power
Monarchy
Rule by a landholding elite
Aristocracy
Power is in the hands of a small wealthy elite
Oligarchy
Method of fighting where a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
Phalanx
City state built by Spartans in the southern part of Greece
Sparta
Located in Attica, north of Peloponnesus
Athens
Government by the people
Democracy
People who gained power by force
Tyrants
Reformer who broadened the role of ordinary citizens in a government. Set up council of 500
Cleisthenes
Lawmaking body, that debated laws before deciding to approve or reject them
Legislature
Where the gods lived in northern Greece
Mount Olympus
Darius’s son. Wanted revenge on Greece
Xerxes
Formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to one another’s defense
Alliance
An alliance of Greek city states organized by Athens
Delian League
Able statesmen who under his rule the Athens economy thrived and the government became more democratic
Pericles
Period from 460 bc to 429 bc. When Pericles ruled
Age of Pericles
Fixed salary
Stipend
System of government in which citizens take part directly in the day to day affairs of government
Direct Democracy
Historian who lived in the age of Pericles. Who recorded a speech given by Pericles at the funeral of Athenians slain in battle
Thucydides
Group of people who have the authority to make a decision in a legal case
Jury
Process where Athenian citizens could vote to banish or send away a public figure whom they saw as a threat to their democracy
Ostracism
Formed by Sparta and the other enemies of Athens to counter the Delian league
Peloponnesian league
27 year war between Athens and Sparta
Peloponnesian war
Kingdom to the nort of Greece
Macedonia
Thinkers that challenged the belief that events were caused by the whims of god, instead used observation and reason to find causes for events. Means lovers of wisdom
Philosophers
Rational thinking
Logic
The art of skillful speaking
Rhetoric
An Athenian stonemason and philosopher
Socrates
Student of Socrates. Most of what we know about Socrates comes from him
Plato
Proces where a series of questions is posed to a student or passing citizen and challenge them to examine the implications of their answers
Socratic Method
Book written by Plato. In it he described his vision of an ideal state
The Republic
Plato’s most famous student who developed his own ideas about government
Aristotle
Moderate course between the extremes
Golden Mean
Temple dedicated to the goddess of Athena
Parthenon
Wrote oresteia which showed a powerful family torn apart by betrayal, murder, and revenge
Aeschylus
Wrote antigone. Explored what happens when an individuals moral duty conflicts with the laws of state
Sophocles
Wrote plays that suggested people, not the gods were the cause of human misfortune and suffering
Euripides
Play that told stories of human suffering that usually ended in disaster
Tragedies
Humorous play that mocked people or customs
Comedies
Often called “Father of History” in western world because he went beyond listing names of rulers or the retelling of ancient legends
Herodotus
Historian who wrote about the Peloponnesus war
Thucydides
Lived in Thebes as a youth. Had come to admire Greek culture. Hired Aristotle as a tutor for his so Alexander
Phillip II
Murder of a public figure
Assasination
Absorbed
Assimilated
Culture blended of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences
Hellenistic Civilization
City that stood at the heart of the Hellenistic World
Alexandria
School of philosophy founded by Zeno who urged people to avoid desires and disappointments by accepting calmly whatever life brought
Stoicism
Studied in Egypt and Babylon and derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle
Pythagoras
Wrote a book called the elements
Euclid
Book that brilliantly compiled earlier works and became the basis for modern geometry
The elements
Sun centered
Heliocentric
Most famous Hellenistic scientist who applied principles of physics to make practical inventions
Archimedes
Greek physician that studied the causes of illnesses and looked for cures
Hippocrates
