Topic 5 Glossary Terms Flashcards
Clinical Reasoning
A reflective process of inquiry and analysis carried out by a health professional in collaboration with the patient or client with the aim of understanding the person, their context and their clinical problem(s) in order to guide evidence-informed practice.
Hypothesis Category Framework
The broad categories of clinical judgment important to understanding health problem presentations, the person (and sometimes family or carer) experiencing the health problem(s), and the context of the health problems.
Psychosocial Status
The ‘psychological’ component of psychosocial refers to the individual’s perspectives on and responses to their experiences including cognitive factors such as their understanding and beliefs regarding the cause and management of their health problem, their self concept and confidence to contribute in management, their motivation for change and their expectations for recovery; distress they may be experiencing such as anxiety, anger/frustration, fear, self-worth or depression; adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies such as catastophising or expecting the worst, hypervigilance or increase attention to their problem, medication use, rest, activity modification. The ‘social’ component of psychosocial refers to social influences such as education and health literacy; culture and any influence it has on their beliefs, expectations and preferences; social and living situation; work status and influence health problem has on their work; perceived level of support at home, in their social groups and at work.
Pathology
The structural and functional changes in the body caused by disease or trauma
Clinical Syndrome Disorder
A pattern of common signs (objective findings) and symptoms commonly associated with a particular pathology/disease or system problem.
Pain
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage
Nociception
The neural process of encoding noxious stimuli
Nociceptive Pain
Pain that arises from actual or threatened damage to non-neural tissue and is due to the activation of nociceptors
Neuropathic Pain
Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Note: Neuropathic pain is a clinical description (and not a diagnosis) which requires a demonstrable lesion or a disease that satisfies established neurological diagnostic criteria. The term lesion is commonly used when diagnostic investigations (e.g. imaging, neurophysiology, biopsies, lab tests) reveal an abnormality or when there was obvious trauma. The term disease is commonly used when the underlying cause of the lesion is known (e.g. stroke, vasculitis, diabetes mellitus, genetic abnormality). Somatosensory refers to information about the body per se including visceral organs, rather than information about the external world (e.g., vision, hearing, or olfaction)
Nociplastic Pain
Pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage causing the activation of peripheral nociceptors or evidence for disease or lesion of the somatosensory system causing the pain.
Source of Symptom
The known or hypothesised structure, tissue or system the symptom is attributed to, for example:
* Local somatic nociception where the source is in the local somatic tissues where the symptoms are experienced, that is, non-neural, non-visceral tissues such as joints, ligaments, muscles and tendons;
* Spinal somatic referral where the source is a somatic tissue in the spine referring symptoms such as pain, usually distally, to another body area;
* Visceral referral, where the source is in the heart, lungs, abdominal or pelvic viscera referring pain to another body area;
* Neuropathic, where the source is from either the central nervous system (e.g. spinal cord) or a peripheral nerve as can occur when a peripheral nerve is entrapped or irritated; and
* Vascular, where the source is from compromised circulation that creates ischaemia (or decreased oxygenation leading to pain)
Contributing Factor
The predisposing or associated factors involved in the development or maintenance of the health problem
Prognosis
The therapist’s informed hypotheses regarding the natural course of the health problem(s), the efficacy of therapeutic interventions addressing the person’s unique presentation, and an estimate of time required.
