Topic 5 - Energetics and Thermodynamics Flashcards
1
Q
What is thermodynamics?
A
- the study of energy and how it is interconverted
2
Q
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
A
- states that energy can be converted from one form to another and that the total amount of energy for a given system will remain constant (known as the law of conversion)
3
Q
What is an open system?
A
- a system in which the transfer of matter is possible across its boundary
4
Q
What is a closed system?
A
- a system which allows no transfer of matter, though energy may be transferred across the boundary
5
Q
What is an isolated system?
A
- a system in which matter can neither enter nor exit, but can only move inside
6
Q
What is heat defined as?
A
- form of energy that is transferred from a warmer body to a cooler body, as a result of the temperature gradient
7
Q
What process is breaking bonds?
A
- endothermic process
8
Q
What process is making bonds?
A
- exothermic process
9
Q
What is thermochemistry?
A
- the study of heat changes that occur during chemical reactions
10
Q
What is a calorimeter?
A
- any apparatus used to measure the amount of heat being exchanged with the surroundings
11
Q
What is the specific heat capacity of a pure substance?
A
- the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of the substance by 1°C or 1K
12
Q
What is the enthalpy change of formation?
A
- the energy change upon the formation of 1 mol of substance from its constituent elements in their standard state
13
Q
What is the enthalpy change of combustion?
A
- the energy change upon the complete combustion of 1 mol of substances (heat energy evolved?)
14
Q
What is Hess’s Law?
A
- the enthalpy change for a reaction that is carried out in a series of steps is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps
15
Q
What is bond enthalpy?
A
- the energy required to break 1 mol of bonds in gaseous covalent molecules under standard conditions
