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IB Chemistry > Topic 1 - Stiochometry > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Stiochometry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a solid?

A
  • particles in this state have a uniform arrangement, a fixed shape and volume and a very small amount of kinetic energy
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2
Q

What is a liquid?

A
  • particles in this state are fluid, take the shape of the container, have a fixed volume and a moderate amount of kinetic energy
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3
Q

What is a gas?

A
  • particles n this state have no fixed volume or shape, are fluid and have a large amount of kinetic energy
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4
Q

What is sublimation?

A
  • when a solid becomes a gas without passing through the liquid state, and vice verca
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5
Q

What is boiling?

A
  • when particles in a liquid are forced to become a gas, or due to ambient temperature all have sufficient energy to become a gas
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6
Q

What is evaporation?

A
  • when some liquid particles have enough energy to become a gas by chance
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7
Q

What is vaporisation?

A
  • when a liquid becomes a gas
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8
Q

What is freezing?

A
  • when a liquid becomes a solid, either by reducing temperature or increasing pressure
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9
Q

What is condensation?

A
  • when gas particles become a liquid, due to either a reduction in temperature or increase in temperature
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10
Q

What is deposition?

A
  • when a solid is formed from 2 liquids of aqueous solutions
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11
Q

What is temperature?

A
  • how hot or cold something is
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12
Q

What is heat?

A
  • the energy of an object that raises its temperature
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13
Q

What is endothermic?

A
  • take in heat energy from surroundings (melting, boiling)
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14
Q

What is exothermic?

A
  • give off heat energy to surroundings (condensation, freezing)
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15
Q

What is matter?

A
  • any substance that occupies space and has mass
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16
Q

What is a mixture?

A
  • combination of two or more pure substances that retain their individual properties
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17
Q

What is a pure substance?

A
  • has a definite and constant composition
18
Q

What is a homogenous mixture?

A
  • uniform composition and properties throughout
19
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A
  • non-uniform composition and properties throughout
20
Q

What is an element?

A
  • made up of atoms of the same atomic number
21
Q

What is a compound?

A
  • made up of a combination of atoms or ions in a fixed ratio and individual properties
22
Q

What is bonding in a mixture?

A
  • physical
23
Q

What is bonding in a compound?

A
  • chemical
24
Q

What is an isotope?

A
  • atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons
25
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A
  • the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms or amount of each element present in a compound
26
Q

What is the limiting reagent?

A
  • reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction
27
Q

What is an ideal gas?

A
  • follows these postulates and equations under stp conditions:
  • at high temperature and low pressure, the forces of attraction are insignificant - high degree of separation
  • move more slowly at high pressure and low temperature and the distances between particles increases
  • this means that gases can depart from ideal gas behaviour and exhibit real gas behaviour
28
Q

What is pressure?

A
  • the force exerted by a gas as its particle collide with a surface
29
Q

What is the molar volume of an ideal gas?

A
  • 22.7dm3/mol
30
Q

What is Avogadro’s Law?

A
  • equal volumes of any gas measured at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules
31
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A
  • when temperature remains constant, an inverse relationship exists between pressure and volume
32
Q

What are the gas laws?

A
  • series of relationships that predict the behaviour of a fixed mass of gas in changing conditions of temperature, pressure and volume
33
Q

What is Charle’s Law?

A
  • for a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
34
Q

What is Gay-Lussac’s Law?

A
  • at a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
35
Q

What is the ideal gas law?

A
  • describes the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature and amount of gas particles
  • pV = nRT
36
Q

What is concentration?

A
  • amount of substance per defined space in terms of mass per unit volume
37
Q

What is a solution?

A
  • homogenous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent
38
Q

What is a solute?

A
  • the less abundant component (usually solid)
39
Q

What is a solvent?

A
  • the more abundant component (usually liquid)

- if it is water the solution is aqueous

40
Q

What is molar concentration?

A
  • the amount (in mol) of a substance dissolved in 1dm3 of solvent

IB Chemistry (12 decks)

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