Topic 1 - Stiochometry Flashcards
1
Q
What is a solid?
A
- particles in this state have a uniform arrangement, a fixed shape and volume and a very small amount of kinetic energy
2
Q
What is a liquid?
A
- particles in this state are fluid, take the shape of the container, have a fixed volume and a moderate amount of kinetic energy
3
Q
What is a gas?
A
- particles n this state have no fixed volume or shape, are fluid and have a large amount of kinetic energy
4
Q
What is sublimation?
A
- when a solid becomes a gas without passing through the liquid state, and vice verca
5
Q
What is boiling?
A
- when particles in a liquid are forced to become a gas, or due to ambient temperature all have sufficient energy to become a gas
6
Q
What is evaporation?
A
- when some liquid particles have enough energy to become a gas by chance
7
Q
What is vaporisation?
A
- when a liquid becomes a gas
8
Q
What is freezing?
A
- when a liquid becomes a solid, either by reducing temperature or increasing pressure
9
Q
What is condensation?
A
- when gas particles become a liquid, due to either a reduction in temperature or increase in temperature
10
Q
What is deposition?
A
- when a solid is formed from 2 liquids of aqueous solutions
11
Q
What is temperature?
A
- how hot or cold something is
12
Q
What is heat?
A
- the energy of an object that raises its temperature
13
Q
What is endothermic?
A
- take in heat energy from surroundings (melting, boiling)
14
Q
What is exothermic?
A
- give off heat energy to surroundings (condensation, freezing)
15
Q
What is matter?
A
- any substance that occupies space and has mass
16
Q
What is a mixture?
A
- combination of two or more pure substances that retain their individual properties
17
Q
What is a pure substance?
A
- has a definite and constant composition
18
Q
What is a homogenous mixture?
A
- uniform composition and properties throughout
19
Q
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A
- non-uniform composition and properties throughout
20
Q
What is an element?
A
- made up of atoms of the same atomic number
21
Q
What is a compound?
A
- made up of a combination of atoms or ions in a fixed ratio and individual properties
22
Q
What is bonding in a mixture?
A
- physical
23
Q
What is bonding in a compound?
A
- chemical
24
Q
What is an isotope?
A
- atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons
25
What is the empirical formula?
- the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms or amount of each element present in a compound
26
What is the limiting reagent?
- reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction
27
What is an ideal gas?
- follows these postulates and equations under stp conditions:
- at high temperature and low pressure, the forces of attraction are insignificant - high degree of separation
- move more slowly at high pressure and low temperature and the distances between particles increases
- this means that gases can depart from ideal gas behaviour and exhibit real gas behaviour
28
What is pressure?
- the force exerted by a gas as its particle collide with a surface
29
What is the molar volume of an ideal gas?
- 22.7dm3/mol
30
What is Avogadro's Law?
- equal volumes of any gas measured at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules
31
What is Boyle's Law?
- when temperature remains constant, an inverse relationship exists between pressure and volume
32
What are the gas laws?
- series of relationships that predict the behaviour of a fixed mass of gas in changing conditions of temperature, pressure and volume
33
What is Charle's Law?
- for a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
34
What is Gay-Lussac's Law?
- at a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
35
What is the ideal gas law?
- describes the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature and amount of gas particles
- pV = nRT
36
What is concentration?
- amount of substance per defined space in terms of mass per unit volume
37
What is a solution?
- homogenous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent
38
What is a solute?
- the less abundant component (usually solid)
39
What is a solvent?
- the more abundant component (usually liquid)
| - if it is water the solution is aqueous
40
What is molar concentration?
- the amount (in mol) of a substance dissolved in 1dm3 of solvent
