Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IB Chemistry > Topic 10 - Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Topic 10 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the homologous series?

A
  • compounds that can be grouped based on similar structures and reactions
  • has the same general formula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the first 6 beginnings of the organic compounds?

A
  1. meth-
  2. eth-
  3. prop-
  4. but-
  5. pent-
  6. hex-
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Lewis (electron-dot) structure used for?

A
  • to visualise electrons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the empirical formula show?

A
  • the simplest ratio of atoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the molecular formula show?

A
  • the actual number of atoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three different structural formulae and what do they show?

A
  • Full structural formula: 2D representation showing all atoms and bonds and their relative positions
  • Condensed structural formula: bonds are omitted, all atoms and relative positions shown
  • Skeletal formula: the most basic representation, each line end represents a carbon atom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the nomenclature of organic compounds?

A
  • the naming of organic compounds
  • provides information about: the class of compound from which the chemical is derived and including any substitutions and functional groups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to name an organic compound?

A

1) determine longest continuous carbon chain (provides roof name)
2) when numbering longest carbon chain, the position of any substituent must be the lowest numbered carbon
3) when there are several different substituents, arrange them in alphabetical order
4) use a comma to separate numbers
5) use a hyphen to separate numbers and letters
6) the number of multiple substituents of the same type is indicated by prefexes (1 - mono, 2 - di, 3 - tri, 4 - tetra, 5 - penta)
7) successive words are merged into one word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A
  • same chemical formula, but a different structural formula

- unique physical and chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are things you must know about isomer?

A
  • may differ in their physical properties
  • ability of molecules of one isomer to pack closer together will result in increased molecular forces (= increased boiling point)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A
  • organic compounds consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

A
  • all C-C bonds are single bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A
  • contain doubled and/or C-C bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are synthetic compounds?

A
  • the products of reactions involving both natural and man made compounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are natural compounds?

A
  • found in plants ad animals

- are synthesised by organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are alkanes? (suffix and general formula)

A
  • -ane

- C(n)H(2n+2)

17
Q

What are alkenes? (suffix and general formula)

A
  • -ene

- C(n)H(2n)

18
Q

What are alkynes? (suffix and general formula)

A
  • -yne

- C(n)H(2n-2)

19
Q

What are arenes? (general formula)

A
  • C(n)H(2n-6)
20
Q

What are halagenoalkenes? (general formula)

A
  • C(n)H(2n+1)X
21
Q

What are alcohols? (suffix and general formula)

A
  • -ol

- ROH

22
Q

What are aldehydes? (suffix and general formula)

A
  • -al

- RCHO

23
Q

What are ketones? (suffix and general formula)

A
  • -one

- RC(O)R’

24
Q

What are carboxylic acids? (suffix and general formula)

A
  • -oic acids

- RCOOH

25
Q

What are esters? (suffix and general formula)

A
  • -oate

- RCOOR’

26
Q

What are ethers? (general formula)

A
  • ROR’
27
Q

What are amines? (suffix and general formula)

A
  • -amine

- RNH2, RNHR, RN(R’)R’’

28
Q

What are amides? (suffix and general formula)

A
  • -amide

- RCONH2

29
Q

What are nitriles? (suffix and general formula)

A
  • -nitrile

- RCN

30
Q

What is hydrogenation?

A
  • the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst
31
Q

What is free-radical substitution?

A
  • a species that is formed when molecules undergo homolytic fission
32
Q

What are the three stages of free-radical substitution?

A

1) Initiation: triggered by UV light
2) Propagation
3) Termination: removal of free-radicals

IB Chemistry (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions