Topic 5 and 6 Definitions UwU

Question 1

half life

Answer 1

the time it takes for an isotope to half its radioactive value

Question 2

rate determining step

Answer 2

the slowest step of a reaction that determines the role of the overall reaction

Question 3

mole fraction

Answer 3

the proportion of moles of one component of a solution/mixture to the total no. of moles of all the components

Question 4

partial pressure

Answer 4

hypothetical pressure a constituent gas had if alone at the same volume and temperature

Question 5

rate of reaction

Answer 5

rate at which chemical reactions proceeds (duh)

Question 6

order

Answer 6

the relationship between concentration of the reactant and its effect on the rate of reaction

Question 7

overall order

Answer 7

the sum of the orders of every reactants in a reaction

Question 8

rate constant

Answer 8

constant that expresses the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the concentrations of the reactants

Question 9

acid

Answer 9

proton donor (i thought it was burning-y stuff lol)

Question 10

base

Answer 10

proton acceptor

Question 11

conjugate acid-pairs

Answer 11

two substances in a reaction that differ only by a proton

Question 12

monobasic acids

Answer 12

acid that only donates one proton

Question 13

dibasic acids

Answer 13

acid that only donates 2 protons

Question 14

lattice enthalpy

Answer 14

enthalpy change when one mol of ionic lattice is formed from gaseous ions (ΔHce). Used to measure strength of ionic bonds in the giant ionic lattice)

Question 15

oxidising agent

Answer 15

substance that can oxidise other substances by accepting their electrons

Question 16

reducing agent

Answer 16

substance that can reduce other solutions by donating its electrons

Question 17

lingard

Answer 17

an ion/molecule that binds to a central metal atom/ion to form a complex

Question 18

complex ion

Answer 18

metal atom/ion at the centre of a complex

Question 19

coordination no.

Answer 19

no. of atoms/ions/molecules (species) bonded to the central atom ion in a complex

Question 20

standard electrode (redox) potential

Answer 20

the emf measured when you conect a half cell to a H half cell under standard conditions

Question 21

entropy

Answer 21

(S) quantitive measure of disorder in a system

Question 22

optical isomerism

Answer 22

type of stereo isomerism relating to non-superimposable mirror images about a chiral centre