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Z Chemistry > Route Maps Reactions > Flashcards

Route Maps Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

alkene → haloalkane

A

FREE RADICAL SUBSTIUTION/ HALOGENATION

alkene + halide ions → haloalkane

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2
Q

alkene → alcohol

A

ELECTROPHILLIC ADDITION
alkene + water → alcohol
HP04, 300C, 65atm

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3
Q

alcohol → alkene

A

ELIMINATION/ DEHYDRATION
alcohol → alkene + water
strong acid, 170C

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4
Q

haloalkane → alcohol

A

ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS/ NUCLEOPHILLIC SUBSTITUTION
haloalkane + OH- → alcohol + halide ions
water, NaOH, reflux

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5
Q

alcohol → haloalkane

A

HALOGENATION
alcohol + halide ions → haloalkane + water
NaX, H2SO4, reflux

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6
Q

haloalkane → nitrile

A

NUCLEOPHILLIC SUBSTITUION
haloalkane + ethanol + NaCN ==> nitrile + halide ions
reflux

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7
Q

nitrile functional group

A

C≡N

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8
Q

hydroxynitrile functional group

A

OH
/
C-C≡N

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9
Q

nitrile → amine

A

REDUCTION
nitrile + [H] → amine
LiAlH4, 150C, Ni catalyst & high pressure

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10
Q

haloalkane → amine

A

NUCLEPHILLIC SUBSTITUTION
haloalkane + NH3 → amine + NH4+ X-
heat, ethanol

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11
Q

1 amide functional group

A 
O
 //
C-N-H
     /
    H
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12
Q

2 amide functional group

A 
O
  //
-C-N-
     /
    H
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13
Q

acid anhydride functional group

A 
O
\ /  \ /
 C  C
 //   //
O  O
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14
Q

ketone → hydroxynitrile

A

NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

ketone + HCN → hydroxyitrile

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15
Q

hydroxynitrile → amine

A 
REDUCTION
hydroxynitrile +[H] → amine
LiAlH4 & dilute acid
Na, ethanol & reflux
Ni catalyst. high temperature and high pressure
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16
Q

nitrile → carboxylic acid

A

ACID HYDROLYSIS/ NUCLEOPHILLIC ADDITION
nitrile + HCl + water → carboxylic acid + NH4Cl
reflux, heat, strong acid catalyst

17
Q

acid anhydride → ester

A

ESTERFICATION
acid anhydride + alcohol → ester + carboxylic acid
heat

18
Q

amide → carboxylate

A

ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS
2 amide + NaOH → 1 amide + carboxylate
100C. NaOH

19
Q

acyl chloride → secondary amide

A

NUCLEOPHILLIC ADDITION

acyl chloride + primary amide → secondary amide + HCl

20
Q

acyl chloride → primary amide

A

NUCLEOPHILLIC ADDITION

acyl chloride + NH3 → amide + NH4Cl

21
Q

primary amide → carboxylic acid

A

ACID HYDROLYSIS
amide + water + H+ → 2 amino acids with NH3
acid

22
Q

ester → carboxylate

A

NEUTRALISATION
ester + NaOH → carboxylate + alcohol
reflux

23
Q

ester → carboxylic acid

A

ACID HYDROLYSIS
ester + water → carboxylic acid + alcohol
heat, reflux, HCl

24
Q

carboxylic acid → acyl chloride

A

CHLORINATION

carboxylic acid + SOCl2 → acyl chloride + SO2 + HCl

25
Q

acyl chloride → carboxylic acid

A

NUCLEOPHILLIC ADDITION/ HYDROLYSIS

acyl chloride + H2O → carboxylic acid + HCl

26
Q

aldehyde → alcohol

A

REDUCTION
aldehyde + [H] → alcohol
NaBH4 & heat

27
Q

benzene → nitrobenzene

A

NITRATION/ ELECTROPHILLIC SUBSITUTION
benzene + NO2+ → nitrobenzene + H+
HNO3, H2SO4

28
Q

benzene → alkylbenzene

A

ALKYLATION/ ELECTROPHILLIC SUBSITUTION
benzene + CH3+ → methylbenzene + H+
AlCl3, chloroalkane

29
Q

benzene → acyl benzene

A

ACYLATION/ ELECTROPHILLIC SUNSITUTION
carbonyl group + benzene → acyl benzene + H+
AlCl3, chlorocarbonyl

30
Q

benzene → chlorobenzene

A

CHLORINATION/ ELECTROPHILLIC SUBSITUTION
Cl + + benzene → chlorobenzene + H+
AlCl3, Cl2, FeCl3

31
Q

benzene → bromobenzene

A

BROMINATION/ ELECTROPHILLIC SUNSITUTION
Br + + benzene → bromobenzene + H+
Br2, FeBr3

32
Q

nitrobenzene → aminobenzene

A

REDUCTION
nitrobenzene + [H] → aminobenzene + H2O
Sn, reflux, conc HCl

33
Q

aminobenzene → tribromo aminobenzene

A

BROMINATION/ ELECTROPHILLIC SUNSITUTION
Br+ + aminobenzene → tribromo aminobenzene + H+
Br2, FeBr3

34
Q

acyl benzene → hydroxybenzene

A

HYDROLYSIS/ REDUCTION
ketone + [H] → alcohol
H2O, NaBH4

35
Q

phenol → bromophenol

A

BROMINATION

3Br2 + phenol → tribromophenol + 3HBr

36
Q

phenol → salt

A

NEUTRALISATION

NaOH + phenol → salt + H2O

37
Q

phenol → nitrophenol

A

NITRATION

HNO3 + phenol → nitrophenol + H2O

Z Chemistry (17 decks)

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