Topic 5

Question 1

Crude Oil

Answer 1

A mixture of hydrocarbons formed from dead microscopic organisms and heat and pressure over millions of year

Question 2

Fossil Fuels

Answer 2

Non-renewable fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas that have formed over millions of years from dead plants and animals

Question 3

Hydrocarbon

Answer 3

A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 4

Mixture

Answer 4

A substance containing two or more different substances that are not chemically joined together

Question 5

Non-renewable Resource

Answer 5

Resources that cannot be replaced once they have been used. Non-renewable resources will eventually run out.

Question 6

Fractional Distillation

Answer 6

The process by which a mixture of two or more liquids is separated, for example crude oil is separated into different fractions. The mixture of liquids is boiled and the vapour from it is condensed

Question 7

Fractions

Answer 7

The different mixtures into which crude oil is separated

Question 8

Bitumen

Answer 8

The fraction of crude oil with the longest molecules. It I used for making roads and roofs

Question 9

Kerosene

Answer 9

Crude oil fraction used as fuel for jet engines

Question 10

Diesel Oil

Answer 10

Fraction of crude oil used as a fuel in lorries and some cars

Question 11

Fuels Oil

Answer 11

Crude oil fraction used as fuel for ships and lubrication

Question 12

Petrol

Answer 12

Crude oil fraction used for cars

Question 13

Ignite

Answer 13

To start burning (set alight)

Question 14

Viscosity

Answer 14

How thick or runny a liquid is. Lower viscosity is very runny, high viscosity is thick

Question 15

Boiling point

Answer 15

The temperature at which all of the substance turns into a gas

Question 16

Combustion

Answer 16

Chemical reaction when substances burn, combining with oxygen to produce heat and waste products such as carbon dioxide

Question 17

Test for Carbon Dioxide

Answer 17

Turns limewater milky (cloudy)

Question 18

Complete Combustion

Answer 18

Combustion of hydrocarbons with enough oxygen present to convert all the fuel into carbon dioxide and water

Question 19

Incomplete Combustion

Answer 19

Combustion that occurs without enough oxygen to completely oxidise all the fuel. Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon (soot)

Question 20

Carbon Monoxide

Answer 20

A toxic gas (CO), it is found in tobacco smoke that replaces oxygen in the blood, and so reduces the amount of oxygen carried around the body

Question 21

Soot

Answer 21

Tiny particles of solid carbon produced by incomplete combustion

Question 22

Acid Rain

Answer 22

Rain that is more acidic than normal, due to sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides dissolved in it

Question 23

Climate Change

Answer 23

Changes I the Earth’s climate, or changes in weather patterns on a global scale

Question 24

Global Warming

Answer 24

The increase in the Earth’s average temperature likely to be caused by increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Question 25

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 25

When gases in the atmosphere trap heat energy and keep the Earth warm

Question 26

Greenhouse Gases

Answer 26

Gases that help to trap heat in the atmosphere. Examples include carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour

Question 27

Biofuels

Answer 27

Any fuels made by humans from animal or plant materials that have recently died.

Question 28

Biogas

Answer 28

Methane made from animal manure or biodegradable waste from homes and farms

Question 29

Biodiesel

Answer 29

Diesel fuel made from plant material

Question 30

Ethanol

Answer 30

A fuel made by processing sugar beet or sugar cane

Question 31

Carbon Neutral

Answer 31

A fuel or process that does not add any carbon dioxide to the atmosphere overall

Question 32

Renewable

Answer 32

Any energy resource that will not run out

Question 33

Fuel Cell

Answer 33

A device which produces electricity from hydrogen and oxygen without burning

Question 34

Alkanes

Answer 34

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds between the carbon atoms

Question 35

Alkenes

Answer 35

A hydrocarbon with at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Question 36

Bonds

Answer 36

Forces of attraction holding atoms together in a molecule

Question 37

Double Bonds

Answer 37

When two bonds join a pair of the same atoms (usually two carbon atoms)

Question 38

Bromine water

Answer 38

A solution of bromine in water that turns colourless when mixed with an unsaturated hydrocarbon

Question 39

Saturated

Answer 39

A molecule with only single bonds between the carbon atoms

Question 40

Unsaturated

Answer 40

A molecule with at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Question 41

Cracking

Answer 41

Splitting up long chain hydrocarbon molecules into shorter ones

Question 42

Polymer

Answer 42

A long molecule made by joining many smaller molecules (monomers) together

Question 43

Poly(chloroethene)

Answer 43

A polymer made from chloroethene monomers. Also known as PVC. Used for window frames and gutters.

Question 44

Poly(ethene)

Answer 44

A polymer made from ethane monomers. Used in plastic bags and bottles

Question 45

Poly(propene)

Answer 45

A polymer made from propene monomers. Used for buckets and bowls.

Question 46

Poly(tetrafluoroethene)

Answer 46

The chemical name for PTFE, which is also known as Teflon. Used as a non-stick coating for saucepans

Question 47

Polymerisation

Answer 47

The process of making a polymer

Question 48

Monomer

Answer 48

Small molecule used to make a polymer

Question 49

Plastics

Answer 49

The common name for many polymers

Question 50

Biodegradable

Answer 50

A substance that can be broken down by microorganisms

Question 51

Incinerate

Answer 51

Burn