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C1 > Topic 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Topic 1 and 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What was the early atmosphere composed of?

A

carbon dioxide and water vapour

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1
Q

What caused the atmosphere to be contain oxygen?

A

Photosynthesis from plants

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

How did the oceans and lakes form?

A

Water vapour given out by volcanoes condensed into liquid water

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3
Q

Atmosphere

A

Layer of gases that surround the Earth

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4
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

Rock made by the compression of layers of solid material (sediment) that settles at the bottom of a fluid, such as water

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5
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock, chemical name calcium carbonate

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6
Q

Noble gases

A

Unreactive gases in group 0 of the Periodic Table

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7
Q

Deforestation

A

The destruction of the trees and forests

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8
Q

Which gas is most abundant (common) in the air today?

A

Nitrogen (78%)

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9
Q

What gas makes up 21% of the air today?

A

Oxygen

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10
Q

Magma

A

Molten rock inside the Earth’s crust

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11
Q

Lava

A

Molten rock on the Earth’s surface

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12
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Rock formed when magma cools and solidifies

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13
Q

Crystals

A

A solid in which the particles are arranged in an ordered pattern

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14
Q

Extrusive igneous rock

A

Rock formed when magma cool quickly outside the Earth’s crust, forms large crystals

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15
Q

Intrusive igneous rocks

A

Rock formed when magma cools slowly inside the Earth’s crust, forms large crystals

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16
Q

Granite

A

Example of an igneous rock

17
Q

Erosion

A

Removal or transportation of broken up rocks

18
Q

Chalk

A

Sedimentary rock, chemical name calcium carbonate

19
Q

Fossil

A

The remains or trace evidence of prehistoric living organisms

20
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

Rock formed by the action of very high temperature and pressure on other rocks

21
Q

Marble

A

Metamorphic rock, mostly calcium carbonate, formed from limestone or chalk

22
Q

Quarry

A

Shallow mine on the Earth’s surface where whole rocks are removed

23
Q

Name 4 uses of limestone?

A

Construction, Making concrete and cement, making glass, making steel and iron alloys

24
Q

Thermal decomposition

A

Reaction in which one substance (e.g. calcium carbonate) breaks down when heated to form two or more new substances

25
Q

Cement

A

Material made by heating limestone with clay

26
Q

Concrete

A

Material made by mixing cement with sand, stones and water

27
Q

Reactant

A

Substance used up in chemical reactions

28
Q

Product

A

Substance formed from a chemical reaction

29
Q

Atom

A

The smallest part of an element that can take part in chemical reactions

30
Q

Element

A

Substance that cannot be split up into simpler substance, found on the Periodic Table

31
Q

Compound

A

A substance containing two or more elements chemically joined together

32
Q

Chemical formula

A

A combination of symbols and numbers that shows how many atoms of different kinds are in a particular molecule. In compounds which do not form molecules, it shows the ratio of elements in the compound

33
Q

State symbols

A

Letters showing the state of a substance

34
Q

Precipitation reaction

A

Reaction in which an insoluble product is formed from soluble reactants

35
Q

Soluble

A

Substance which dissolves in a given substance

36
Q

Insoluble

A

Substance which does not dissolve in a given substance

37
Q

Precipitate

A

Insoluble product formed in a precipitation reaction

38
Q

What is a test of carbon dioxide?

A

Turns limewater milky/cloudy

39
Q

Limewater

A

A solution of calcium hydroxide that turns milky when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it

40
Q

Neutralisation reaction

A

Reaction in which a base or acid reacts with an acid

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