Topic 1 and 2 Flashcards
What was the early atmosphere composed of?
carbon dioxide and water vapour
What caused the atmosphere to be contain oxygen?
Photosynthesis from plants
Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
How did the oceans and lakes form?
Water vapour given out by volcanoes condensed into liquid water
Atmosphere
Layer of gases that surround the Earth
Sedimentary Rock
Rock made by the compression of layers of solid material (sediment) that settles at the bottom of a fluid, such as water
Limestone
A sedimentary rock, chemical name calcium carbonate
Noble gases
Unreactive gases in group 0 of the Periodic Table
Deforestation
The destruction of the trees and forests
Which gas is most abundant (common) in the air today?
Nitrogen (78%)
What gas makes up 21% of the air today?
Oxygen
Magma
Molten rock inside the Earth’s crust
Lava
Molten rock on the Earth’s surface
Igneous rocks
Rock formed when magma cools and solidifies
Crystals
A solid in which the particles are arranged in an ordered pattern
Extrusive igneous rock
Rock formed when magma cool quickly outside the Earth’s crust, forms large crystals
Intrusive igneous rocks
Rock formed when magma cools slowly inside the Earth’s crust, forms large crystals
Granite
Example of an igneous rock
Erosion
Removal or transportation of broken up rocks
Chalk
Sedimentary rock, chemical name calcium carbonate
Fossil
The remains or trace evidence of prehistoric living organisms
Metamorphic Rock
Rock formed by the action of very high temperature and pressure on other rocks
Marble
Metamorphic rock, mostly calcium carbonate, formed from limestone or chalk
Quarry
Shallow mine on the Earth’s surface where whole rocks are removed
Name 4 uses of limestone?
Construction, Making concrete and cement, making glass, making steel and iron alloys
Thermal decomposition
Reaction in which one substance (e.g. calcium carbonate) breaks down when heated to form two or more new substances
Cement
Material made by heating limestone with clay
Concrete
Material made by mixing cement with sand, stones and water
Reactant
Substance used up in chemical reactions
Product
Substance formed from a chemical reaction
Atom
The smallest part of an element that can take part in chemical reactions
Element
Substance that cannot be split up into simpler substance, found on the Periodic Table
Compound
A substance containing two or more elements chemically joined together
Chemical formula
A combination of symbols and numbers that shows how many atoms of different kinds are in a particular molecule. In compounds which do not form molecules, it shows the ratio of elements in the compound
State symbols
Letters showing the state of a substance
Precipitation reaction
Reaction in which an insoluble product is formed from soluble reactants
Soluble
Substance which dissolves in a given substance
Insoluble
Substance which does not dissolve in a given substance
Precipitate
Insoluble product formed in a precipitation reaction
What is a test of carbon dioxide?
Turns limewater milky/cloudy
Limewater
A solution of calcium hydroxide that turns milky when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it
Neutralisation reaction
Reaction in which a base or acid reacts with an acid
