Topic 3 and 4 Flashcards
What is the acid found within the stomach?
Hydrochloric Acid
Antacid
A compound that is used to neutralise acid in the stomach
What is the cause of indigestion?
The stomach produces too much acid which can cause stomach pain
Base
A substance that will react with an acid to form only salt and water
Salt
A compound formed by the neutralisation of an acid by a base. The first part of the chemical name comes from the metal in the metal oxide/hydroxide/carbonate. The second part comes from the acid
Alkali
A soluble base
pH scale
A scale from 1 to 14 showing the acidity or alkalinity. Numbers below 7 are acids. Numbers above 7 are alkalis. pH 7 is neutral
Indicator
A solution that changes colour in acid and alkaline solutions
Universal Indicator
A mixture of different indicators giving a different colour at different points on the pH scale
Litmus paper
Blue litmus paper turns red in acid solutions and red litmus paper turns blue in alkaline solutions
Hazard Symbols
Symbols used on containers that warn people about the dangers of the contents
Acid + Metal Oxide —->
Salt + Water
Acid + Metal Hydroxide —–>
Salt + Water
Acid + Metal Carbonate ——>
Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Acid + Base —–>
Salt + Water
Sulfuric acid produces what type of salts?
Sulfates
Nitrate salts are produced by what acid?
Nitric Acid
Chloride salt are produced by what acid?
Hydrochloric Acid
Electrolysis
Passing a direct current through an electrolyte to decompose it.
Decomposed
Large molecules broken down into smaller ones
Electrolytes
A liquid which conducts the electric current and is decomposed by it
Test for chlorine
Damp blue litmus paper will turn red and then white as it is bleached
3 uses of chlorine
Treat our water supply killing microorganisms. Manufacture of bleach and other cleaning products. Manufacture of plastics (e.g. PVC)
Test for Hydrogen
‘Squeaky Pop’ test. Hydrogen in the presence of a lighted splint will cause a squeaky pop.
Test for Oxygen
Glowing Splint test. Blow a lit splint out so that the splint remain glowing, place this in the mouth of a test tube containing the gas to be tested. Oxygen will cause the splint to relight.
Ore
Rock from which a metal can be extracted for a profit
What metal does the ore Bauxite contain?
Aluminium
What metal does the ore Cinnabar contain?
Mercury
What metal does the ore Galena contain?
Lead
What metal does the ore Haematite contain?
Iron
What metal does the ore Malachite contain
Copper
Extraction
Reaction in which metal is produced from a compound in an ore
Reactivity Series
A list of metals arranged in order of reactivity
Reduction
Occurs when oxygen is removed from a compound
Corrosion
Occurs when a metal is converted to its oxides by the action of moist air
Rusting
The corrosion of iron to form iron oxides
Oxidation
Occurs when oxygen is added to an element or compound
Recycle
To extract a material from waste so that it can be reused or processed to make a new object or material
Electrical Conductor
Allows electricity to pass through material
Malleable
Can be hammered into shape
Ductile
Can be stretched into wires
Density
The mass of a substance per unit volume; the unit is usually g/cm3
Alloy
Mixture of metals
Alloy Steels
An alloy of iron with other metals
H - Carats
A measure of the purity of gold, with pure gold being 24 carat
H - Fineness
A measure of the purity of gold in parts per thousand with pure gold having a fineness of 1000
H - Smart Material
A material with a property that changes with a change in conditions
H - Shape Memory Alloy
An alloy that returns to its original shape with a change in conditions, often temperature
H - Nitinol
An example of shape memory alloy of nickel and titanium. Used to repair collapsed arteries and in flexible spectacle frames
Stainless Steel
An alloy of Iron, chromium and nickel
