Topic 5 Flashcards
The way a product is made
the sequence of activities performed on material (for goods) or customers (for service)
SOP - standard operating procedures
Outlines what is expected tp be done in a certain period of time
Strategic design
make or buy some or all of the product?
– Available capacity, expertise, quality, technology, and cost (use this to decide)
- formulas don’t provide all the information you need to make decision: must consider many other external factors
Choosing the production/ inventory strategies
Make-to-stock: producing and holding items in inventory for a fast delivery to customers ( produce it and customer chooses from whatever your selection is)
Make-to-order: producing to customer specifications
Assemble-to-order: Producing a variety of products after customer Storage orders are received (mixed)
(Ex/ laptop: customization aspects such as storage etc. device is given based on your requirements
Productions process - Process Types
Job type
- more specialized - segmentation
Ex/ custom spring production
Batch
Ex/ bread production
Assembly (repetitive) - auto manufacturing
Continuous - sugar refinery
Ex/ oil
Job shop
– Very flexible process, skilled workers,
equipment arranged by function
– Intermittent operations, many product routes
– Example:- Surgery, Hair salon
Batch flow
– Lot production
– Flexible process, skilled workers
– Example:- Bread, cookies, beer
Repetitive (assembly line)
– Equipment/operations in a sequence
– Inflexible process, semi-skilled workers
– Example:- automobiles, cell phones
Continuous flow
– Highly inflexible process, semi-skilled
workers
– Continuous operations
– Example:- gasoline, steel
Project
– Nonrepetitive set of activities with a unique set of objectives, limited time frame, and budget (building a bridge)
- Production process development (stage 3 PF the stage gate model)
A. Conceptual design (how to get from input to output)
• Develop a few process concepts (sketches)
• Construct a process flow diagram to show operations and
Embodiment design
- Choose one process concept and complete the design
- Build a prototype of the process (may use computer) and test it
(an example of a computer simulation of a process (airport operations): - refine the process design and re - evaluate
Detailed design
Finalize process design specs (Machine, equipment, labor, capacity & balancing)
Design the plant layout. Design the work centres.
Service process design
• The flow of a customer or something belonging to the customer is followed
• The focus is on customer experience
The process flow diagram for services is called a service blueprint.
Cycle time
- vMaximum time within which the system should produce a unit in order to meet the demand
- CT is also the maximum time allowed at each workstation in the system to complete its set of tasks on a unit
Precedence network (order of tasks)
Diagram of activities and their sequential relationships, using nodes and arrows
• A node represents a task
• An arrow from task a to b (a b) means that task ‘a’must be completed before ‘b’ can start
