Topic 5

Question 1

Name the structures of a chloroplast

Answer 1

Outer membrane
Intermembrane space
Inner membrane
Stroma + stroma lamellae
Thylakoid + thylakoid lumen
Granum
ribosomes

Question 2

What is the stroma?

Answer 2

The space within the chloroplast
The setting of the light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle)

Question 3

What is the thylakoids?

Answer 3

Fluid filled sacs that are stacked up inside chloroplasts

Question 4

What is the grana?

Answer 4

Stacks of thylakoids
Grana are linked together by thylakoid membranes. the resulting structures are called lamellae

Question 5

What is the thylakoid membrane?

Answer 5

A lipid bilayer membrane that encloses the thylakoid lumen and contains the molecular machinery necessary for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Thylakoid membranes contain photosynthetic pigments attached to proteins, called a photosystem.

Question 6

What is the photoionization?

Answer 6

release of electrons

Question 7

What is the first stage of photosynthesis?

Answer 7

Light dependant stage
Absorption of light by chlorophyll
Photoionisation of chlorophyll (electrons excited)
energy used for 3 reactions:
Phosphorylation (of ADP)
Reduction (of NADP)
Photolysis (of water)

Question 8

Where is Light energy absorbed during light dependant stage?

Answer 8

The chlorophyll of both photosystems

Question 9

When light is absorbed at PS2, photolysis of water water occurs.
What happens to the products of photolysis?

Answer 9

Oxygen is a waste product (removed or used for respiration)
e- goes to the chlorophyll to replace excited electrons
H+ used to build up a high concentration of H+ on thylakoid lumen (increased acidity)

Question 10

Why is energy from the excited electron used when being passed along the ETC?
(Light dependant reaction)

Answer 10

Used by the H+ pump to pump H+ from the stroma to the thylakoids to then build up a high concentration of protons (H+)