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chemistry > topic 5 > Flashcards

topic 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

mole

A

amount of substance in grams that has the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12

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2
Q

relative atomic mass

A

average mass of one atom compared to one twelfth of the mass of one atom of carbon-12

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3
Q

molar mass

A

mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance and is given the unit g/mol

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4
Q

amount formula

A

mass / molar mass

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5
Q

gas volume

A

amount x 24

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6
Q

concentration

A

amount / volume

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7
Q

cm^3 to dm^3

A

divide by 1000

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8
Q

cm^3 to m^3

A

divide by 1,000,000

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9
Q

dm^3 to m^3

A

divide by 1000

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10
Q

% mass

A

mass of chemical / total mass of compund x100

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11
Q

Avogadro’s constant

A

6.02 x 10^23

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12
Q

no. of particles

A

amount of substance x Avogadro’s constant

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13
Q

density

A

mass / volume

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14
Q

empirical formula

A

simplest ratio of atoms of each element in the compound

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15
Q

method for finding empirical formula

A
  1. divide each mass by the atomic mass of the element
  2. divide by the smallest one of the number
  3. may need to multiply to get a whole number
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16
Q

molecular formula

A

actual number of atoms of each element in the compound

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17
Q

making a solution

A
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18
Q

diluting a solution

A
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19
Q

new diluted concentration

A

original conc x
original vol/new diluted vol

cAvA = cBvB

20
Q

ideal gas equation

A

pV = nRT

p - pressure - Pa
V - volume - m^3
T - temperature - K
n - moles

21
Q

using a gas syringe

A
22
Q

reacting volumes of gas

A

equal volumes of any gases measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules

23
Q

molar volume

A

volume occupied by 1 mole of any gas

24
Q

titration procedure

A
  • rinse equipment
  • pipette 25cm^3 of alkali into conical flask
  • touch surface of alkali with pipette
  • add acid solution from burette
  • make sure the jet space is filled with acid
  • add a few drops of indicator
  • observe colour change for the indicator used
  • use a white tile underneath the flask to help observe the colour change
  • add acid to alkali while swirling mixture and add acid drop-wise at end point
  • note burette reading before and after addition of acid
  • repeats titration until at least 2 concordant results are obtained
25
Q

safety precautions

A
  • acids and alkalis are corrosive (at low concentration acids are irritant)
  • wear eye protection and gloves
26
Q

colour change phenolphthalein

A

pink to colourless
end point - no colour

27
Q

colour change methyl orange

A

yellow to red
end point - orange

28
Q

measurements

A

values taken as the difference between the judgements of two values

28
Q

readings

A

values found from a single judgement when using a piece of equipment

29
Q

% uncertainty

A

uncertainty /
measurement made on apparatus x 100

30
Q

% yield

A

actual / theorotical x 100

31
Q

percentage atom economy

A

mass of useful products / mass of all reactants x 100

32
Q

how is salt formed

A

when the H+ ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or an ammonium ion

33
Q

metal displacement reactions

A

more reactive metals will displace less reactive metals from their compounds

34
Q

halogen displacement reactions

A

a halogen that is a strong oxidising agent will displace a halogen that has a lower oxidising power from one of its compounds

35
Q

precipitation reactions

A

insoluble salts can be made by mixing appropriate solutions of ions so that a precipitate is formed

36
Q

hazard

A

a substance or procedure that has the potential to do harm

37
Q

e.g. of hazards

A

toxic
flammable
harmful
irritant
corrosive
oxidising
carcinogenic

38
Q

risk

A

probability or chance that harm will result from the use of a hazardous substance or a procedure

39
Q

minimising risk - irritant

A

dilute acids and alkalis
wear goggles

40
Q

minimising risk - corrosive

A

stronger acids and alkalis - wear goggles

41
Q

minimising risk - flammable

A

keep away from naked flames

42
Q

minimising risk - toxic

A

wear gloves
avoid contact with skin
wash hands after use

43
Q

minimising risk - oxidising

A

keep away from flammable materials

44
Q

safety dealing with excess acid

A

Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) are good for neutralizing excess acid if acid spills because they are not corrosive and will not cause a hazard if used in excess. They have no toxicity

chemistry (28 decks)

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