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chemistry > topic 17C > Flashcards

topic 17C Flashcards

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1
Q

carboxylic acid functional group

A

-COOH

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2
Q

melting and boiling points of carboxylic acid

A
  • high melting and boiling points
  • strong intermolecular forces - hydrogen bonds
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3
Q

solubility of carboxylic acids

A
  • form hydrogen bonds with water
  • completely soluble
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4
Q

how can carboxylic acids be prepared

A
  • by the oxidation of alcohols or aldehydes
  • hydrolysis of nitriles
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5
Q

how are carboxylic acids stabilised

A
  • by delocalisation
  • this makes dissociation more likely
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6
Q

preparing carboxylic acids - oxidation of primary alcohols
- reaction
- reagent
- condition

A
  • reaction: primary alcohol to carboxylic acid
  • reagent: potassium dichromate solution and dilute sulfuric acid
  • conditions: excess dichromate, heat under reflux
  • observation: orange dichromate ion reduces to green Cr3+ ion
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7
Q

preparing carboxylic acids - oxidation of aldehydes
- reaction
- reagent
- condition

A
  • reaction: aldehyde to carboxylic acids
  • reagent: potassium dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid
  • conditions: heat under reflux
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8
Q

preparing carboxylic acids - hydrolysis of nitriles
- reaction
- reagent
- condition

A
  • reaction: nitrile to carboxylic acid
  • reagent: dilute HCl/ sulfuric acid
  • conditions: heat under reflux
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9
Q

reduction of carboxylic acids
- reaction
- reagents
- conditions
- type of reaction
- role of reagent

A
  • reaction: carboxylic acid to alcohol
  • reagent: LiAlH4 in dry ether
  • conditions: room temp & pressure
  • type: reduction
  • role: reducing agent
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10
Q

carboxylic reactions with bases

A
  • acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
  • acid + alkali -> salt + water
  • acid + carbonate -> salt + water + CO2
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11
Q

reduction of carboxylic acids
- reaction
- reagents
- conditions
- type of reaction
- role of reagent

A
  • reaction: carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
  • reagent: PCl5
  • conditions: room temp
  • observation: misty fumes
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12
Q

esterification of carboxylic acids
- reaction
- reagents
- conditions
- type of reaction

A
  • reaction: carboxylic acid to ester
  • conditions: acid catalyst
  • type of reaction: esterification
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13
Q

acyl chloride functional group

A

-COCl

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14
Q

ester functional group

A

-COO-

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15
Q

reaction of acyl chloride with water
- change in functional group
- reagent
- conditions

A
  • acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
  • water
  • room temp
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16
Q

reaction of acyl chloride with alcohol
- change in functional group
- reagent
- conditions

A
  • acyl chloride to ester
  • alcohol
  • room temp
17
Q

reaction of acyl chloride with concentrated ammonia
- change in functional group
- reagent
- conditions

A
  • acyl chloride to primary amide
  • ammonia
  • room temp
18
Q

reaction of acyl chloride with primary amines
- change in functional group
- reagent
- conditions

A
  • acyl chloride to secondary amide
  • primary amine
  • room temp
19
Q

hydrolysis of esters in acidic solution
- reagent
- conditions

A
  • dilute HCl
  • heat under reflux
  • reversible reaction
  • low yield of products
20
Q

hydrolysis of esters in alkaline solution
- reagent
- conditions

A
  • dilte NaOH
  • heat under reflux
  • not reversible
21
Q

condensation polymerisation

A
  • two different monomers are added together
  • small molecule such as H2O or HCl is given off

chemistry (28 decks)

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