topic 17C Flashcards
carboxylic acid functional group
-COOH
melting and boiling points of carboxylic acid
- high melting and boiling points
- strong intermolecular forces - hydrogen bonds
solubility of carboxylic acids
- form hydrogen bonds with water
- completely soluble
how can carboxylic acids be prepared
- by the oxidation of alcohols or aldehydes
- hydrolysis of nitriles
how are carboxylic acids stabilised
- by delocalisation
- this makes dissociation more likely
preparing carboxylic acids - oxidation of primary alcohols
- reaction
- reagent
- condition
- reaction: primary alcohol to carboxylic acid
- reagent: potassium dichromate solution and dilute sulfuric acid
- conditions: excess dichromate, heat under reflux
- observation: orange dichromate ion reduces to green Cr3+ ion
preparing carboxylic acids - oxidation of aldehydes
- reaction
- reagent
- condition
- reaction: aldehyde to carboxylic acids
- reagent: potassium dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid
- conditions: heat under reflux
preparing carboxylic acids - hydrolysis of nitriles
- reaction
- reagent
- condition
- reaction: nitrile to carboxylic acid
- reagent: dilute HCl/ sulfuric acid
- conditions: heat under reflux
reduction of carboxylic acids
- reaction
- reagents
- conditions
- type of reaction
- role of reagent
- reaction: carboxylic acid to alcohol
- reagent: LiAlH4 in dry ether
- conditions: room temp & pressure
- type: reduction
- role: reducing agent
carboxylic reactions with bases
- acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
- acid + alkali -> salt + water
- acid + carbonate -> salt + water + CO2
reduction of carboxylic acids
- reaction
- reagents
- conditions
- type of reaction
- role of reagent
- reaction: carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
- reagent: PCl5
- conditions: room temp
- observation: misty fumes
esterification of carboxylic acids
- reaction
- reagents
- conditions
- type of reaction
- reaction: carboxylic acid to ester
- conditions: acid catalyst
- type of reaction: esterification
acyl chloride functional group
-COCl
ester functional group
-COO-
reaction of acyl chloride with water
- change in functional group
- reagent
- conditions
- acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
- water
- room temp