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GCSE Physics > Topic 5 > Flashcards

Topic 5 Flashcards

Done except for a few specs

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1
Q

5.1P
What is the law of reflection?

A

<incidence = <reflection.
True for all waves

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2
Q

5.1P
Describe the circumstance needed for total internal reflection to take place

A

<incidence needs to be greater than <critical

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3
Q

5.1P
What is the critical angle?

A

Angle of incidence that causes 90° angle of refraction

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4
Q

5.1P
How do you draw a ray diagram?

A

-Single straight arrow
-Arrow shows direction

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5
Q

5.2P
Draw a diagram of specular reflection

A

Only look at top diagram

https://www.ecosia.org/images?q=specular%20reflection#id=1A940C3EAFF1B23F92BB1802A140EEBB5116CBEA

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6
Q

5.2P
Draw a diagram of diffuse reflection

A

https://www.ecosia.org/images?q=specular%20reflection#id=1A940C3EAFF1B23F92BB1802A140EEBB5116CBEA

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7
Q

5.2P
Explain the differences between specular and diffuse reflection

A

Specular
-Produce clear reflection (like mirror)
-Because all light rays reflected in same direction
Diffuse
-Will not
-Because light rays scattered

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8
Q

5.3P
What is a luminous object?

A

Emits own light

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9
Q

5.3P
What is a non-luminous object?

A

-Doesn’t emit own light
-Reflects light from luminous objects

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10
Q

What is white light composed of?

A

All colours of visible light

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11
Q

5.3P
What is a filter?

A

-Material that transmits & reflects only 1 colour of light
-All others absorbed

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12
Q

5.3P
If a blue and red filter are placed in front of each other and white light is shone at them, what will you see?

A

Nothing
Blue filter transmits blue light only which will then be absorbed by the red filter

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13
Q

5.4P
Describe the properties of a powerful lens

A

-Thick
-Shorter focal length

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14
Q

5.5P
Draw a ray diagram for a converging lens, for an object at 2F and describe the image

A

https://www.ecosia.org/images?q=ray%20diagram%20for%20converging%20lens%20for%20object%20outside%202F#id=8C8A4EA77D99DD024B8D6015149572F298FFA4C2
-Real, inverted, same size

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15
Q

5.5P
Draw a ray diagram for a diverging lens, for an object outside 2F and describe the image

A

https://www.ecosia.org/images?q=ray%20diagram%20for%20diverging%20lens%20for%20object%20outside%202F#id=8B74B2C8E1CCBA23ADDF749D34BD592414F4C5DC
-Virtual, erect, diminished

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16
Q

5.5P
You are drawing a ray diagram of a converging lens and your two rays don’t meet, what do you do? Describe the image

A

-Trace them backwards using virtual rays
-Find point where they meet and draw image
-Image will be virtual, erect, magnified

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17
Q

5.6P
What effect does a converging lens have on parallel light rays? Therefore, what type of image does it produce?

A

-FOCUS & meet at point
-Focal point can be focused on screen -> real image

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18
Q

5.6P
What effect does a diverging lens have on parallel light rays? Therefore, what type of image does it produce?

A

-Spread out from point
-Focal point can’t be focused on screen -> virtual

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19
Q

What is a focal point?

A

Point where PARALLEL light rays meet/appear to originate from

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20
Q

What is a focal length

A

d from focal point to centre of lens

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21
Q

What do you call an image that can be projected?

A

Real

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22
Q

What do you call an image that can not be projected?

A

Virtual

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23
Q

What do you call an image that is the opposite way up?

A

Inverted

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24
Q

What do you call an image that is the right way up?

A

Erect

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25
Q

What do you call an image that is bigger than before?

A

Magnified

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26
Q

What do you call an image that is smaller than before?

A

Diminished

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27
Q

5.7
Are all electromagnetic waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Transverse

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28
Q

5.7
At what speed do electromagnetic waves travel in a vacuum?

A

3×10^8 m/s

29
Q

5.10
State the electromagnetic spectrum in order starting with the lowest frequency

A

-Raw Meat Is Very Unsanitary eXcept Giraffes
-Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma rays

30
Q

Describe the relationship between frequency and wavelength

A

Inversely proportional

31
Q

5.11
Which electromagnetic wave has the highest frequency? And therefore ___ wavelength

A

-Gamma rays
-Shortest

32
Q

5.11
Which electromagnetic wave has the lowest frequency? And therefore ___ wavelength

A

-Radio waves
-Longest

33
Q

Which colour of visible light has the Lowest frequency and Longest wavelength?

A

Red

34
Q

5.12
How much of the electromagnetic spectrum can our eyes detect?

A

Visible light only

35
Q

5.14H
Why can colours of visible light be separated out by refraction?

A

Diff wavelengths -> travel at diff speeds -> refract diff

36
Q

5.16PH 5.17PH
Explain what needs to happen for the Earth’s temperature to stay constant, and why it’s increasing?

A

-Needs to emit same radiation/heat it absorbs
-Emits less heat than it absorbs

37
Q

5.17PH
What would happen to the Earth’s temperature if it started to emit more heat than it absorbed?

A

Cool down

38
Q

5.18PH
Explain the green house effect

A

-Short wavelength Infrared radiation emitted from sun to Earth
-Absorbed by Earth -> hotter
-Earth emits longer wavelength Infrared radiation
-Some absorbed by water vapour + CO₂
-Emit BACK to Earth -> even hotter

39
Q

5.18PH
How can we reduce the greenhouse effect?

A

Remove some CO₂ -> decreases emitted Infrared radiation -> Earth cools

40
Q

5.19P
State the independent, dependent and control variables in the colour vs emission practical

A

-I: Colour of paper
-D: Temperature of water
-C: Type of material
Same thickness
Same VOLUME of boiling water
Same initial temp of boiling water
Time interval at which you measure results

41
Q

5.19P
What is a safety hazard and precaution that must be taken in the colour vs emissions practical

A

-Hot water
-Be careful

42
Q

5.20
If the frequency of an electromagnetic wave is high, what does that mean in terms of its dangers?

A

More dangerous

43
Q

5.21
What are the dangers of radio waves?

A

Non-existent

44
Q

5.21
What are the dangers of microwaves?

A

Internal heating of body cells

45
Q

5.21
What is a danger of infrared radiation?

A

Skin burn

46
Q

5.21
What are the dangers of visible light?

A

Damage to eyes

47
Q

5.21
What are the dangers of ultraviolet radiation?

A

-Sunburn
-Skin cancer

48
Q

5.21
What are the dangers of x-rays?

A

Cause mutations -> cancer

49
Q

5.21
What is a danger of gamma rays?

A

Cause mutations -> cancer

50
Q

5.21
Why does current scientific evidence tell us that mobile phones (which use microwaves) are not a health risk?

A

Use lower frequency

51
Q

5.21
Why do microwaves have a metal plate/grid inside the door?

A

Metal grid reflects microwaves but holes allow visible light through

52
Q

5.21
How can we reduce the damage from infrared & ultraviolet radiation?

A

Sun cream

53
Q

5.22
What are the (2) uses of radio waves?

A

-Communications
-Transmitting broadcasts

54
Q

5.22
What are the (2) uses of microwaves?

A

-Communications
-Heating food

55
Q

5.22
What are the (5) uses of infrared radiation?

A

-Cooking
-Thermal imaging
-Security cameras
-Communication
-Optical fibres

56
Q

5.22
What are the (2) uses of visible light?

A

-Seeing
-Photography

57
Q

5.22
What are the (3) uses of UV radiation?

A

-Disinfect water (kill bacteria)
-Security (fluorescence)
-Low energy light bulbs

58
Q

5.22
What are the (2) uses of x-rays?

A

-Medical imaging
-Airport security

59
Q

5.22
What are the (2) uses of gamma rays?

A

-Sterilisation (food + surgical equipment)
-Detect/kill cancer

60
Q

5.22
Why would there be UV lamps at a sewage works?

A

To disinfect water to make it potable

61
Q

5.22
Why are water bottles left outside in the sun in poorer countries?

A

Sun emits UV light, disinfects water -> potable

62
Q

5.22
What 2 EM waves are used in energy saving light bulbs? How?

A

-UV & visible
-Gas inside produces UV radiation
-Glass fluorescent coating absorbs UV and emits visible light

63
Q

5.23H
Describe how radio waves are produced

A

-Intentionally by humans
-Electrons oscillating in wires/a.c.
-Aerial (metal rod) absorbs radio waves

(-Oscillations in electrical circuits
-Aerial (metal rod) absorbs radio waves
-Cause oscillations in circuit connected to aerial)?

64
Q

5.24
Explain how radiation is produced

A

-Atom absorbs E
-e- excited (moves up ENERGY LEVEL*)
-If loses E, jumps down energy level
-Emits EM radiation
*Not electron shell
*Upper energy levels usually empty

65
Q

5.24
Explain why an element can emit light at lots of different wavelengths

A

Each change in energy levels produces diff wavelength

66
Q

Why do black objects appear black?

A

They absorb all wavelengths

67
Q

Add specpoint
What is total internal reflection?

A

<incidence = larger than <critical -> light fully reflects

68
Q

Compare how radio waves and infrared radiation travel through objects

A

Radio waves transmitted through
Infrared absorbed

GCSE Physics (10 decks)

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