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GCSE Physics > Topic 3 > Flashcards

Topic 3 Flashcards

3.5 3.7

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1
Q

3.1
State the equation for GPE

A

GPE=mgh

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2
Q

3.1
Rearrange the GPE equation to make h the subject

A

h=GPE/mg

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3
Q

3.1
Rearrange the GPE equation to make g the subject

A

g=GPE/mh

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4
Q

3.1
Rearrange the GPE equation to make m the subject

A

m=GPE/gh

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5
Q

3.2
State the equation for KE

A

1/2m(v²)

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6
Q

3.2
Rearrange the KE equation to make m the subject

A

m=2KE/v²

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7
Q

3.2
Rearrange the KE equation to make v the subject

A

v=√2KE/m

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8
Q

3.3
State how energy is transferred in a light bulb

A

Electrical -> light (useful) & thermal (waste)

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9
Q

3.4
Explain the law of conservation of energy

A

-E can’t be created or destroyed
-Only stored or transferred

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10
Q

3.5
Describe the energy transfers that take place in a hydroelectric dam

A

-KE from flowing water -> KE store of turbine -> KE store of generator
-Some dissipated as thermal E
-Transfers electrically to National Grid

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11
Q

3.5
Describe the energy transfers that take place when fossil fuels are burnt for energy (what about nuclear fuels?)

A

-Chemical store of fuels -> thermal store of water -> KE store of turbine -> KE store of generator
-Electrically to National Grid

-Starts with nuclear energy of fuel, rest same

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12
Q

3.5
Describe the energy changes involved when a ball is projected upwards

A

Chemical energy from person holding ball -> KE store of ball as moves up -> GPE as h increases

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13
Q

3.5
Describe the energy changes involved when a moving object hits an object. Use a car as an example

A

-Chemical store in fuel -> KE of car
-KE decrease when hits object
-Most KE dissipates to themal store of surroundings
-Some E transferred mechanically to thermal store of wall (F of car on wall)
-Some dissipated as sound waves

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14
Q

3.5
Describe the energy changes involved when an object is being accelerated by a constant force

A

Chemical E when stationary -> KE when accelerates

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15
Q

3.5
Describe the energy changes involved when a vehicle is slowing down

A

-KE when moving
-Dissipated as thermal (due to friction) when decelerates
-Some dissipated as sound waves

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16
Q

3.5
Describe the energy changes involved when water is boiled in an electric kettle

A

Electrical E from mains supply -> thermal store of heating element in kettle -> thermal store of water

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17
Q

3.5
Describe the energy changes involved when someone is jumping on a trampoline

A

-KE from jumping person -> EPE of trampoline -> back to KE as bounce up -> GPE as h increases
-Some dissipated to thermal store of surrounding

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18
Q

3.6
When there are energy transfers in a closed system, there is no net change to the total energy. Explain why

A

-E transfers between stores
-But overall E of system = conserved

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19
Q

3.6
Define the term net change of energy

A

Overall change to whole system

20
Q

3.7
When do mechanical processes become wasteful?

A

-When cause rise in temp
-Dissipated to thermal store of surroundings

21
Q

3.8
Explain what happens in all system changes

A

E = dissipated -> stored in less useful ways

22
Q

3.8
State 4 reasons as to why machines waste energy

A

-Friction between moving parts
-Air R
-Electrical R
-Noise

23
Q

3.9/3.12
Explain 2 ways of reducing energy transfers within a system. What does this also do?

A

Lubrication
-Reduces friction between moving parts
Thermal insulation

Increase efficiency

24
Q

3.9
How is heat loss from a house reduced by having a cavity wall?

A

-Air trapped between walls
-Air = bad thermal conductor

25
Q

3.9
How is heat loss from a house reduced by filling the cavity wall with foam?

A

Smaller air pockets prevent heat loss through convection currents

26
Q

3.9
How could a wall be improved to prevent heat loss by radiation?

A

-Light shiny material on wall
-Radiation reflected

27
Q

3.10
Define the term thermal conductivity

A

How well material transfers heat

28
Q

3.10
Why does an igloo retain heat more compared to a cotton tent

A

-Snow = good insulator bc has large amount of trapped air
-Air poor thermal conductor
-Reduce heat transfer
-Cotton = bad insulator
-Air easily escapes

29
Q

3.11
State the equation for efficiency

A

efficiency = (useful out/total in) × 100

30
Q

3.11
Rearrange the equation for efficiency to make useful energy out the subject

A

useful out = (efficiency × total in) /100

31
Q

3.11
Rearrange the equation for efficiency to make total energy in the subject

A

total in = useful out × 100/efficiency
(not sure this is right)

32
Q

3.12
State 2 methods to reduce friction

A

-Lubrication
-Add bearings to prevent components rubbing together

33
Q

3.12
How can air resistance be reduced?

A

Streamline objects

34
Q

3.13
State 6 examples of renewable sources of energy

A

-Solar
-Wind
-Bio-fuel
-Hydroelectricity
-Geothermal
-Tidal

35
Q

3.13
State 2 examples of non-renewable sources of energy

A

-Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
-Nuclear

36
Q

3.13
Explain how a wind turbine, tidal energy, hydroelectricity and fossil fuels are used to generate electricity

A

-Wind/water (fossil fuels combusted to heat water -> steam) turns turbine
-Turbine turns generator
-Generator generates electricity

37
Q

3.13
Explain how nuclear power generates electricity

A

-Nuclear fuel heats water -> produces steam
-Turns turbine
-Turns generator
-Electricty

38
Q

3.13
Explain how geothermal energy is used to generate electricity

A

-Water pumped down to hot rocks
-Returns as steam
-Turns turbine
-Turns generator
-Electricity

39
Q

3.13
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels

A

Advs
-Reliable
-Energy dense
Dis
-Non-renewable
-GHG & pollution

40
Q

3.13
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power

A

Advs:
-Reliable
-Energy dense
-No GHG
Dis
-Non-renewable
-Produces dangerous radioactive waste, long t to decay

41
Q

3.13
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of bio-fuels

A

Advs
-Renewable
-CO₂ cancels
Dis
-Takes land, resources needed for food production

42
Q

3.13
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of wind energy

A

Advs
-Renewable
-No GHG
Dis
-Not reliable
-Noise & visual pollution
-Location restricted

43
Q

3.13
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric energy

A

Advs
-Renewable
-Reliable
-Energy dense
-No GHG
Dis
-Floods
-Destroy habitats

44
Q

3.13
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of tidal energy

A

Advs
-Renewable
-Tides = predictable
-Energy dense
Dis
-Location restricted
-Environmental harm to estuaries
-Disrupt shipping

45
Q

3.13
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy

A

Advs
-Renewable
-Reliable
-Geothermal stations are small
Dis
-Harmful gases from underground
-Location restricted

46
Q

3.13
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy

A

Advs
-Renewable
-No GHG
Dis
-Not reliable
-Use lots of land

47
Q

3.14
Describe 2 trends in the use of energy resources

A

-Increase in renewable energy & natural gas
-Decrease in coal & nuclear

GCSE Physics (10 decks)

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