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GCSE Physics > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

Done except 2.31

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1
Q

2.1/2.3
What is a scalar quantity?

A

-Has magnitude
-No direction

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2
Q

2.2/2.3
What is a vector quantity?

A

-Has magnitude
-Has direction

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3
Q

2.4
State 6 examples of vector quantities

A

-Displacement
-Velocity
-Acceleration
-Force
-Weight
-Momentum

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4
Q

2.4
State 4 examples of scalar quantities

A

-Distance
-Speed
-Mass
-Energy

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5
Q

2.5
Define the term velocity

A

Speed in a stated direction

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6
Q

2.6
State the equation for speed

A

s=d/t

(Average) speed (m/s) = distance (m) ÷ time (s)

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7
Q

2.8
State the short equation for acceleration

A

-a=v-u/t
-Units in order: m/s², m/s, s

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8
Q

2.8
Rearrange the short acceleration equation for time

A

t=v-u/a

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9
Q

2.8
Rearrange the short acceleration equation for final velocity

A

v=u+at

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10
Q

2.8
Rearrange the short acceleration equation for initial velocity

A

u=v-at

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11
Q

2.9
State the long equation for acceleration

A

v²-u²=2ax

Final velocity² (m/s) - initial velocity² (m/s) = 2 × acceleration (m/s²) × distance (m)

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12
Q

2.9
Rearrange the long equation for acceleration to make acceleration the subject

A

a=v²-u²/2x

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13
Q

2.9
Rearrange the long equation for acceleration to make distance the subject

A

x=v²-u²/2a

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14
Q

2.9
Rearrange the long equation for acceleration to make initial velocity the subject

A

u=√v²-2ax

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15
Q

2.9
Rearrange the long equation for acceleration to make final velocity the subject

A

v=√2ax+u²

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16
Q

2.11
Describe a range of laboratory methods for determining the speed of an object

A

-2 light gates -> measure time (1st gate starts timer, 2nd stops it)
-1 light gate (time how long beam of light blocked & d given by length of flag passing thru gate)
-Metre ruler stick/measuring tape + stop clock

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17
Q

2.12
What is the typical walking speed?

A

1.5 m/s

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18
Q

2.12
What is the typical running speed?

A

3 m/s

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19
Q

2.12
What is the typical speed for cycling?

A

6 m/s

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20
Q

2.12
What is the typical speed for sound?

A

330 m/s

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21
Q

2.12
What is the typical speed for wind?

A

10-20 km/h

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22
Q

2.12
What is the typical speed for transportation systems?

A

20-50 m/s

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23
Q

2.13
What is the earth’s gravitational field strength?

A

10 N/kg

24
Q

2.14
Describe Newton’s first law of motion

A

-Object remains stationary/constant velocity if F = BALANCED/no resultant F acting
-If resultant F acts object accelerates

25
Q

2.15
Describe Newton’s second law of motion. What equation comes with it? (Include units)

A

-a (of object) ∝ resultant F (acting on it)
-a inversely ∝ to m (of object)
-F=ma
Units in order: N, kg, m/s²

26
Q

2.16
Define the term weight

A

F due to pull of gravity of an object

27
Q

2.16
State the equation for weight. Include units

A

W=mg
Units in order: N, kg, N/kg

28
Q

2.17
What piece of specialised equipment can you use to measure weight

A

Newton metre

29
Q

2.18
Describe the relationship between the weight of a body and the gravitational field strength

A

Directly proportional

30
Q

2.19
Devise an experiment to investigate the effect of mass on acceleration

A

-Variables
I=Mass
D=Acceleration
C=Force
-Prop up 1 end of ramp
-Card on top of trolley (record l)
-Attach string to trolley & pass over pulley at end of ramp
-2 light gates (top & bottom) & m on end of string (this m = constant through out)
-Release
-Data logger records s as passes through each light gate
-Record t to get from 1 light gate to other
-Repeat for diff masses (that you change on top of trolley)

31
Q

2.20H 2.21H
Describe circular motion

A

-Everywhere speed = constant
-Everywhere velocity = changing
-So must be acceleration
-So must be resultant force:
Centripetal force
-Acting towards centre of circle

32
Q

2.22H
What is inertia

A

Tendency of object to continue in current state (rest/uniform velocity)

33
Q

2.23H
Describe Newton’s third law of motion

A

When 2 objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

34
Q

2.23H
Describe Newton’s third law in the equilibrium situation of a cat sitting on the ground

A

-Cat pulls Earth up
-Earth pulls cat down
-F = equal in size
-Opposite in direc

35
Q

2.23H
Trolley question:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg9smsg/revision/2

A

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg9smsg/revision/2

36
Q

2.23H
Cannon question:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg9smsg/revision/2

A

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg9smsg/revision/2

37
Q

2.24H
Define the term momentum

A

-Product of mass and velocity
-Vector quantity

38
Q

2.24H
State the equation for momentum. Include units

A

P=mv
Units in order: kg m/s, kg, m/s

39
Q

Describe the law of conservation of momentum

A

Momentum is the same before and after a collision

40
Q

2.26H
State the long equation for force. Include units

A

Force=final momentum-initial momentum/time

F=mv-mu/t
Units in order: N, kg m/s, kg m/s, s

41
Q

2.27
What is a typical reaction time?

A

0.2-0.9 seconds

42
Q

2.27
Describe the ruler drop test used to measure human reaction time.

A

-Line up 0 with person’s hand
-Drop ruler
-Measure d by seeing where caught ruler
-Longer d = longer reaction t

43
Q

2.27
State 2 weaknesses of the ruler drop test

A

-Person may be distracted
-Not accurate -> improve by multiple readings & more intervals on ruler

44
Q

2.28
What is thinking distance?

A

d car travels before react to stimulus

45
Q

2.28
What is braking distance?

A

d car travels with brakes applied

46
Q

2.28
State the equation for stopping distance

A

Stopping distance= Thinking distance + Braking Distance

47
Q

2.29
What factors affect braking distance (and therefore stopping distance)

A

-Mass
-Speed
-Conditions of brakes/tyres
-Friction
-State of road

48
Q

2.30
What factors affect the driver’s reaction time?

A

-Drugs
-Distractions
-Alcohol
-Tiredness
Age
Illness

49
Q

Describe the relationship between force and time

A

Inversely proportional

50
Q

Explain how crumple zones decrease injuries

A

-Absorbs some F from impact
-↑ t taken for collision
-↓ r. of change of P of driver
-↓ F -> ↓ injuries

51
Q

Explain how seat belts decrease injuries

A

-Stretch ↑ t taken for collision
-↓ r. of change of P
-↓ F of impact -> ↓ injuries

52
Q

Explain how airbags decrease injuries

A

-Cushion driver
-↑ t taken for collision
-↓ r. of change of P
-↓ F of impact -> ↓ injuries

53
Q

2.32
Describe how the stopping distance of an object is affected by speed

A

Faster speed = longer stopping d

54
Q

2.33P
State the equation for work done (energy). State units

A

Work done = force × distance
Units in order: J, N, m

55
Q

2.33P
What equation can you equate the work done equation to?

A

KE=1/2mv²
Ans: 1/2mv² = f×d

GCSE Physics (10 decks)

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