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GCSE Physics > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

Done except 2.31

1
Q

2.1/2.3
What is a scalar quantity?

A

-Has magnitude
-No direction

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2
Q

2.2/2.3
What is a vector quantity?

A

-Has magnitude
-Has direction

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3
Q

2.4
State 6 examples of vector quantities

A

-Displacement
-Velocity
-Acceleration
-Force
-Weight
-Momentum

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4
Q

2.4
State 4 examples of scalar quantities

A

-Distance
-Speed
-Mass
-Energy

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5
Q

2.5
Define the term velocity

A

Speed in a stated direction

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6
Q

2.6
State the equation for speed

A

s=d/t

(Average) speed (m/s) = distance (m) ÷ time (s)

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7
Q

2.8
State the short equation for acceleration

A

-a=v-u/t
-Units in order: m/s², m/s, s

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8
Q

2.8
Rearrange the short acceleration equation for time

A

t=v-u/a

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9
Q

2.8
Rearrange the short acceleration equation for final velocity

A

v=u+at

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10
Q

2.8
Rearrange the short acceleration equation for initial velocity

A

u=v-at

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11
Q

2.9
State the long equation for acceleration

A

v²-u²=2ax

Final velocity² (m/s) - initial velocity² (m/s) = 2 × acceleration (m/s²) × distance (m)

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12
Q

2.9
Rearrange the long equation for acceleration to make acceleration the subject

A

a=v²-u²/2x

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13
Q

2.9
Rearrange the long equation for acceleration to make distance the subject

A

x=v²-u²/2a

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14
Q

2.9
Rearrange the long equation for acceleration to make initial velocity the subject

A

u=√v²-2ax

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15
Q

2.9
Rearrange the long equation for acceleration to make final velocity the subject

A

v=√2ax+u²

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16
Q

2.11
Describe a range of laboratory methods for determining the speed of an object

A

-2 light gates -> measure time (1st gate starts timer, 2nd stops it)
-1 light gate (time how long beam of light blocked & d given by length of flag passing thru gate)
-Metre ruler stick/measuring tape + stop clock

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17
Q

2.12
What is the typical walking speed?

A

1.5 m/s

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18
Q

2.12
What is the typical running speed?

A

3 m/s

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19
Q

2.12
What is the typical speed for cycling?

A

6 m/s

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20
Q

2.12
What is the typical speed for sound?

A

330 m/s

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21
Q

2.12
What is the typical speed for wind?

A

10-20 km/h

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22
Q

2.12
What is the typical speed for transportation systems?

A

20-50 m/s

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23
Q

2.13
What is the earth’s gravitational field strength?

24
Q

2.14
Describe Newton’s first law of motion

A

-Object remains stationary/constant velocity if F = BALANCED/no resultant F acting
-If resultant F acts object accelerates

25
2.15 Describe Newton's second law of motion. What equation comes with it? (Include units)
-a (of object) ∝ resultant F (acting on it) -a inversely ∝ to m (of object) -F=ma Units in order: N, kg, m/s²
26
2.16 Define the term weight
F due to pull of gravity of an object
27
2.16 State the equation for weight. Include units
W=mg Units in order: N, kg, N/kg
28
2.17 What piece of specialised equipment can you use to measure weight
Newton metre
29
2.18 Describe the relationship between the weight of a body and the gravitational field strength
Directly proportional
30
2.19 Devise an experiment to investigate the effect of mass on acceleration
-Variables I=Mass D=Acceleration C=Force -Prop up 1 end of ramp -Card on top of trolley (record l) -Attach string to trolley & pass over pulley at end of ramp -2 light gates (top & bottom) & m on end of string (this m = constant through out) -Release -Data logger records s as passes through each light gate -Record t to get from 1 light gate to other -Repeat for diff masses (that you change on top of trolley)
31
2.20H 2.21H Describe circular motion
-Everywhere speed = constant -Everywhere velocity = changing -So must be acceleration -So must be resultant force: Centripetal force -Acting towards centre of circle
32
2.22H What is inertia
Tendency of object to continue in current state (rest/uniform velocity)
33
2.23H Describe Newton's third law of motion
When 2 objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite
34
2.23H Describe Newton's third law in the equilibrium situation of a cat sitting on the ground
-Cat pulls Earth up -Earth pulls cat down -F = equal in size -Opposite in direc
35
2.23H Trolley question: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg9smsg/revision/2
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg9smsg/revision/2
36
2.23H Cannon question: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg9smsg/revision/2
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg9smsg/revision/2
37
2.24H Define the term momentum
-Product of mass and velocity -Vector quantity
38
2.24H State the equation for momentum. Include units
P=mv Units in order: kg m/s, kg, m/s
39
Describe the law of conservation of momentum
Momentum is the same before and after a collision
40
2.26H State the long equation for force. Include units
Force=final momentum-initial momentum/time F=mv-mu/t Units in order: N, kg m/s, kg m/s, s
41
2.27 What is a typical reaction time?
0.2-0.9 seconds
42
2.27 Describe the ruler drop test used to measure human reaction time.
-Line up 0 with person's hand -Drop ruler -Measure d by seeing where caught ruler -Longer d = longer reaction t
43
2.27 State 2 weaknesses of the ruler drop test
-Person may be distracted -Not accurate -> improve by multiple readings & more intervals on ruler
44
2.28 What is thinking distance?
d car travels before react to stimulus
45
2.28 What is braking distance?
d car travels with brakes applied
46
2.28 State the equation for stopping distance
Stopping distance= Thinking distance + Braking Distance
47
2.29 What factors affect braking distance (and therefore stopping distance)
-Mass -Speed -Conditions of brakes/tyres -Friction -State of road
48
2.30 What factors affect the driver's reaction time?
-Drugs -Distractions -Alcohol -Tiredness Age Illness
49
Describe the relationship between force and time
Inversely proportional
50
Explain how crumple zones decrease injuries
-Absorbs some F from impact -↑ t taken for collision -↓ r. of change of P of driver -↓ F -> ↓ injuries
51
Explain how seat belts decrease injuries
-Stretch ↑ t taken for collision -↓ r. of change of P -↓ F of impact -> ↓ injuries
52
Explain how airbags decrease injuries
-Cushion driver -↑ t taken for collision -↓ r. of change of P -↓ F of impact -> ↓ injuries
53
2.32 Describe how the stopping distance of an object is affected by speed
Faster speed = longer stopping d
54
2.33P State the equation for work done (energy). State units
Work done = force × distance Units in order: J, N, m
55
2.33P What equation can you equate the work done equation to?
KE=1/2mv² Ans: 1/2mv² = f×d

GCSE Physics (10 decks)

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