topic 5

Question 1

explain the functions nucleus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, gogi apparatus, cell membrane, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria

Answer 1

nucleus: the control centre of the call contains the DNA (largest organelle of the cell

3. Ribesome: synthesis + manufacture of proteins
4. Rough endoplasmic reticulum: site where ribosomes attach to enable the manufacture of protein
5. Gogi apprutus: modifys + packages and distributes
6. cell membrane: contains all organelles selectively allows nutrients waste in and out
7. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: synthesis of lipids and protiens
8. Mitocondria: the power house of the cell produces ATP

Question 2

prokaryote vs eukaryote

Answer 2

pro: These are cells that do not have a nucleus.
I.e. bacteria and archea (biochemically and genetically different to bacteria

euk:These are usually larger than 10μm and they contain a true nucleus, which contains their DNA. They are found in plants, animals, and fungi.

Question 3

the function of a cell

Answer 3

1. Cell metabolism and energy use
2. Synthesis of molecules
3. Communication
4. Reproduction and inheritance

Question 4

• Describe the structure of a cell membrane and explain how this enables it to control what enters and leaves the cell.

Answer 4

Every cell in the body is able to selectively control what it needs as nutrition and what it needs to expel as waste. The way a cell does this is through the cell membrane.

The cell membrane has a specific structure that allows it to control what gets in and gets out of the cell

• Hydrophilic (water loving) heads, and
• Hydrophobic (water fearing) tails.

Question 5

systems (diffusion and osmosis). This is how cells gain nutrition and expel wastes.

Answer 5

In diffusion (a passive transport mechanism), a substance will flow from an area of high concentration of itself….to an area of low concentration of itself. This is called moving “down” or “with” the concentration gradient

When water moves in or out of a cell by diffusion, the process is called “osmosis” (Marieb, 2012; Seeley et al., 2014). This is also a passive membrane transport system.

Question 6

• Explain the stages of the cell life cycle

Answer 6

refer to image on latop

Question 7

• Understand the stages of mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 7

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The transitions from stage to stage are seamless.

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm to form two separate cells

Question 8

• Define and distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Answer 8

• Incidence measures the occurrence of new disease
• Prevalence measures the existence of current disease