Topic 4A: DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
How does Eurkaryotic cells store DNA?
As linear DNA molecules that are threadlike structures each made up of one long molecule of DNA and associated with histone proteins
What do histone proteins do
Helps support the DNA the DNA is then coiled up very tightly to make a compact compound
In eukaryotes what has its own DNA
mitochondria and chloroplasts, similar to prokaryotes DNA (circular and shorted)
What is DNA like it prokaryotes
Shorter and circular, not wound around proteins condenses a to fit into the cells by super coiling
What does DNA contain
Genes
What is a gene
Sequence of DNA bases that codes for either a polypeptide or functional RNA
What determines order of amino acids of a polypeptide
Order of bases in a gene, different polypeptides have different number and order of amino acids
What is each amino acids coded by
For by 3 bases in a gene called triplet or codon
How do you make polypeptide
DNA if first copied into messenger RNA, this is the first stage of protein synthesis
Genes that don’t code for polypeptide codes for what?
Functional RNA
What is functional RNA
RNA molecules other than mRNA which preform special tasks during protein synthesis
Give 2 examples of functional RNA
tRNA and rRNA
What is a genome
Full set of genes in a cell
What is proteome
Full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce
What are introns
Non-coding regions of DNA
When are introns removed
During protein synthesis