paper 1 Flashcards
what is the role of starch
store of glucose for energy
what is structure of amylose
long unbranched
angles of glycosidic bonds give it a coiled structures (compact)
structure of amylopectin
long and branched
side branches allow enzymes that breakdown the molecule to have easy access
glucose release quickly
features of starch
insoluble not affecting water potential so doesn’t swell making it good for storage
structure of glycogen
lots of side branches compact and good for storage
cellulose structure
long unbranched chains of beta glucose
straight chains joined by H-Bonds forming microfibrils
structural support provided
what are the properties of triglycerides
mainly used as energy storage molecules
long hydrocarbon tail of FA contains lots of chemical energy- released when broken down
because of these tails lipids contain twice as much energy per gram as carbs
insoluble in water doesn’t affect WP so water doesn’t enter by osmosis
Bundle together forming droplets, tails face inwards and shield themselves with glycerol heads
properties of phospholipids
make up bilayer of CM controlling what leaves and enters cell
heads are hydrophilic
tails are hydrophobic
meaning water soluble substances cant easily pass through
membrane acts as a barrier
what does a functional protein have
1 or more polypeptide chains
what is the role of hydrogen bonds in protein structure
form bond between partially neg oxygen and partially pos nitrogen make it coil or fold more (secondary structure)
what is the role of ionic bonds in protein structure
tertiary structure
more bond form between different parts go polypeptide chain, further coiling and folding the chain
what is the role of disulphide bridges in protein structure
form whenever 2 molecules of aa cysteine come close together, sulphur of one bonds to sulphur of the other S=S
structure of enzyme relating to function
spherical tightly folded polypeptide chains
soluble and have a role in metabolism
structure of antibodies relating to function
involved in immune response
2 light chain and 2 heavy chains
variable regions
structure of structural proteins relating to function
physically strong
consist of a long-polypeptide chains lying in parallel with cross-links
how many pp chains does collagen have
3
tightly coiled
what can enzymes do (not basic definition)
enzymes catalyse a wide range of intra/extracellular reactions that determine structures and functions from cellular to whole organism
involve in hydrolysis and DNA replication
what bonds form between 2 nucleotides
phosphodiester bond