Topic 4.2 review

Question 1

Nonaxial

Answer 1

no rotation, joints slide (gliding)

Question 2

Uniaxial

Answer 2

one axis of rotation, structure of bone at joint restricts (hinge and pivot)

Question 3

Biaxial

Answer 3

to axis of rotation, move two different ways (condyloid and saddle)

Question 4

Triaxial

Answer 4

3 axis of rotation, greatest movement (ball and socket)

Question 5

Axes of Rotation

Answer 5

anteroposterior, transverse, and vertical

Question 6

Anteroposterior

Answer 6

front to back

Question 7

Transverse

Answer 7

left to right

Question 8

Vertical

Answer 8

top to bottom

Question 9

Range of motion in joints depends on four factors

Answer 9

shape of the surfaces of articulating bones

position and length of restraining ligament

effects of muscles and tendons at joint

amount of soft tissue at joint

Question 10

Concentric contraction

Answer 10

shortening moving against weight, torque greater than resistance to overcome

Question 11

Eccentric contraction

Answer 11

lengthening w/ force, torque < resistance

Question 12

Isotonic contraction

Answer 12

maximum force exceeds total load on muscle, any change in length

Question 13

isometric (static) contraction

Answer 13

force = resistance (ex:pulling something)

Question 14

isokinetic motion

Answer 14

constant speed, constant same motion

Question 15

reciprocal inhibition

Answer 15

one side is relaxing while other is flexing

Question 16

agonist

Answer 16

muscle that provides force to complete movement

Question 17

antagonist

Answer 17

muscle that contracts eccentrically, acts in the opposite direction usual to concentric function

Question 18

fixator (stabilizer)

Answer 18

eliminates unnecessary movement

Question 19

synergist (neutralizers)

Answer 19

act on moveable joints and cancels out extra motion from agonists (makes sure force generated works within desired plane of movement)

Question 20

What does DOMS stand for?

Answer 20

Delayed onset of muscle soreness