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IB SEHS > Topic 1 Review > Flashcards

Topic 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

80

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2
Q

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

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3
Q

What is the main function of the axial skeleton?

A

protection of major organs

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4
Q

What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton?

A

movement

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5
Q

What bones comprise the pelvic girdle?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

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6
Q

What is the longest bone in the body?

A

the femur

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7
Q

What are the different types of bones?

A

long (most important for movement), short, flat, irregular

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8
Q

In which bones is cancellous bone usually found?

A

ends of long, pelvic, ribs, skull and vertebrae

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9
Q

What would you find in the medullary cavity of a long bone?

A

yellow bone marrow

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10
Q

what are the ends and shafts of a long bone called

A

epiphysis (ends) and diaphysis (shaft)

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11
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

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12
Q

What are the six types of synovial joint?

A

gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket

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13
Q

Where is articular cartilage found?

A

Ends of bones where joints form

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14
Q

What is the function of articular cartilage?

A

shock absorption and friction reduction (separates bones)

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15
Q

Where is synovial fluid found?

A

the synovial cavity

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16
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

lubricates joints

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17
Q

Where are bursae commonly found?

A

between synovial membrane and ligaments, next to tendons near large joints

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18
Q

What is the function of bursae?

A

Cushioning and gliding

19
Q

What does a tendon connect?

A

bone to muscle

20
Q

What does a ligament connect?

A

bone to bone

21
Q

What are the important shoulder joint muscles?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, and deltoid

22
Q

What are the important hip joint muscles?

A

iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, gluteus medias and minimus, abductors, and lateral rotators

23
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

sartorius (in leg)

24
Q

What are the properties of muscles?

A

contractility, extensibility, and elasticity (atrophy and hypertrophy)

25
Q

What are the three layers of fascia found in muscles?

A

epimysium, perimysium, amd endomysium

26
Q

Which muscles make up the calf?

A

gastrocnemius (most superficial) and soleus

27
Q

What gives muscles their striated appearance?

A

light (non thick myosin filament, only actin) and dark (thin myosin filament across myofibrils) bands

28
Q

Which muscles make up the quadricep group?

A

rectus femoris, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis

29
Q

Which muscles make up the hamstring group?

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

30
Q

superior

A

above or nearer to the head

31
Q

inferior

A

below or further from the head

32
Q

anterior

A

in front or nearer to the front

33
Q

posterior

A

behind or nearer to the back

34
Q

medial

A

closer to the midline of the body

35
Q

lateral

A

further from the midline of the body

36
Q

proximal

A

nearer to where a limb attaches

37
Q

distal

A

further away from where a limb attaches

38
Q

supine

A

laying face up

39
Q

prone

A

laying face down

40
Q

What are the sections of the vertebral column?

A

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5 fused as one), coccyx (4 fused as 1)

41
Q

Define joint

A

a joint occurs where two or more bones articulate

42
Q

What are the different types of muscles?

A

smooth, cardiac, and skeletal

43
Q

Define the origin of muscles

A

the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone

IB SEHS (6 decks)

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