Topic 1 Review Flashcards
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
80
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
126
What is the main function of the axial skeleton?
protection of major organs
What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton?
movement
What bones comprise the pelvic girdle?
ilium, ischium, and pubis
What is the longest bone in the body?
the femur
What are the different types of bones?
long (most important for movement), short, flat, irregular
In which bones is cancellous bone usually found?
ends of long, pelvic, ribs, skull and vertebrae
What would you find in the medullary cavity of a long bone?
yellow bone marrow
what are the ends and shafts of a long bone called
epiphysis (ends) and diaphysis (shaft)
What are the three types of joints?
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
What are the six types of synovial joint?
gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket
Where is articular cartilage found?
Ends of bones where joints form
What is the function of articular cartilage?
shock absorption and friction reduction (separates bones)
Where is synovial fluid found?
the synovial cavity
What is the function of synovial fluid?
lubricates joints
Where are bursae commonly found?
between synovial membrane and ligaments, next to tendons near large joints
What is the function of bursae?
Cushioning and gliding
What does a tendon connect?
bone to muscle
What does a ligament connect?
bone to bone
What are the important shoulder joint muscles?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, and deltoid
What are the important hip joint muscles?
iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, gluteus medias and minimus, abductors, and lateral rotators
What is the longest muscle in the body?
sartorius (in leg)
What are the properties of muscles?
contractility, extensibility, and elasticity (atrophy and hypertrophy)
