Topic 4 Unit 5 SCIENCE

Question 1

what percentage of the Earth’s surface do oceans cover?

Answer 1

70%

Question 2

Name 3 ways the oceans affect our daily lives.

Answer 2

1. Food
2. Transportation
3. Weather
4. Water cycle
5. Recreation

Question 3

The amount of salt dissolved in a liquid is called ______

Answer 3

Salinity

Question 4

Where do the salts in the ocean come from?

Answer 4

1. Start out as rocks
2. Rivers and groundwater flow OVER the rocks to pick up salts and carry them to the ocean

FRESH WATER CONTAINS MANY OF THE SAME SUBSTANCES AS SEAWATER

Question 5

Plate Techtonics

Answer 5

The movement of continental and oceanic plates

Question 6

Continental shelf

Answer 6

Flat edge of land that jets out into the ocean

Question 7

Continental slope

Answer 7

out from the shelf, land plunges at a steep level to the sea floor

Question 8

Abyssal Plain

Answer 8

wide open area - deepest part of the sea floor

Question 9

What feature develops where the edges of an ocean plate pushes against the edge of a continental plate?

Answer 9

Trenches

Question 10

What are trenches?

Answer 10

Steep sides canyons
- Can result when plate is forced under
ex/ mariana’s trench

Question 11

Where do waves begin and what starts moving them?

Answer 11

Ocean waves are large ripples, set in motion by steady winds. Begin out at OPEN SEA - started by the WIND

Question 12

How high can waves get from a hurricane wind?

Answer 12

Up to 30m high

Question 13

How do you measure wavelength and wave height?

Answer 13

Wave length - Distance from crest to crest or trough to trough
Wave height - From the trough to the crest

Question 14

How are some of the worlds highest waves produced?

Answer 14

Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, disturbance in sea floor, tsunamis, landslides.

Question 15

Define swell

Answer 15

Steady movements of smooth waves near the shore. They are caused by winds and storms far out at sea

Question 16

Explain how a wave acts as it reaches the shore.

Answer 16

1. Trough SLOWS because of FRICTION as it bottoms to the sea floor
2. Crest still moves quickly
3. Crest topples over the trough and BREAKS on shore

Question 17

When do spring tides occur?

Answer 17

Largest tidal movement and occurs when the Earth, moon, and sun are in a line.

Question 18

When do neap tides occur?

Answer 18

Smallest tidal movements and occur when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other.

*TIDES ARE RELATED TO THE GRAVITATIONAL PULL OF OUR MOON

Question 19

Tidal range

Answer 19

Difference between a high and a low tide

Question 20

Ocean currents are like a massive _____ within the ocean

Answer 20

River

Question 21

Name the 3 factors that affect the direction of winds and surface currents.

Answer 21

1. Uneven heating of the atmosphere
2. Rotation of Earth
3. The continents/land - deflects wind

Question 22

In which direction do surface currents flow in the Southern hemisphere?

Answer 22

Currents turn counter clockwise

Question 23

In which direction do surface currents flow in the Northern hemisphere?

Answer 23

Currents turn clockwise