Topic 4- Uks Physical Landscape

Question 1

What are igneous rocks?

Answer 1

Created by volcanic activity when magma or lava cools, fo ming rocks made of c ystals that
are usually hard.

Question 2

What are sedimentary rocks?

Answer 2

Formed of small particles that have been eroded, transported, and deposited in layers, or
from the remains of plants and animals.

Question 3

What are metamorphic rocks?

Answer 3

Rocks that have been changed by extreme pressure or heat. They are usually
comprised of layers or bands of crystals and are very hard.

Question 4

What is a slope movement ? Example of one

Answer 4

Processes where soil, rock, or debris move down a slope due to gravity. An example of this would be rock slides

Question 5

What is a river process? Example of one

Answer 5

These are actions by rivers that shape the land, particularly in valleys and channels. An example of this is erosion when the river carries materials downstream widening the valley

Question 6

What is a misfit stream?

Answer 6

Rivers that look too small for the large valleys left by glaciers, often found in post-glacial landscapes.

Question 7

Identify the weather, slope processes and post glacial iver processes in upland areas.

Answer 7

. rockfalls/landslides
. biological weather

Question 8

Identify the weathe ring types, slope processes and post glacial processes in low land areas. 4 points

Answer 8

.Chemical weathering
.Biological weathering
.Misfit streams
.Soil creep

Question 9

What is a fetch?

Answer 9

Distance over open water that wind can blow uninterrupted by land. The longer the fetch, the more time wind has to transfer energy to the water, creating larger and more powerful waves.

Question 10

2 characteristics of a destructive wave

Answer 10

.Strong backwash
.Tall wave height

Question 11

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 11

Occurs when waves crash against rocks, forcing air into cracks.

Question 12

What is attrition?

Answer 12

Rocks and pebbles repeatedly knock into each other, which causes the rocks to erode or to break.

Question 13

What is abrasion?

Answer 13

Eroded pa rticles in the water scrape and rub against rock, removing small bits.

Question 14

What is mechanical weathering

Answer 14

Process of rocks crumbling due to rain, wind, or other atmospheric conditions

Question 15

Compare the coastal features along a discordant and concordant coastline

Answer 15

A discordant coastline has hard and soft rocks. These softer rocks erode more easily that can cause bays (beach surrounded by rock)
Concordant coastline has rocks that run parallel to the shore, making the coastline smoother. Rocks erode at the same rate.

Question 16

Three characteristics of a constructive wave

Answer 16

. Low in height
. Longer than destructive bays
. Weak backwash

Question 17

Formation of a spit

Answer 17

A spit forms when sand and pebbles are deposited by longshore drift, creating a sandy ridge extending into the water.

Question 18

What is the solution of rocks?

Answer 18

The sea dissolving rocks.

Question 19

What is biological weathering?

Answer 19

Biological weathering is the breakdown of rocks by living organisms, such as plants, animals, and microbes. For example, plant roots can grow into cracks in rocks, causing them to break apart over time.

Question 20

What is chemical weathering?

Answer 20

Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rocks through chemical reactions, often involving water, air, or acids. For example, rainwater can dissolve minerals in rocks like limestone.