Topic 4: Protestantism and Calvinism 1540s-60s Flashcards
1
Q
John Calvin and Reformation in Geneva
A
- Influenced by Humanism, law and religious exile
- Theology = “Institutes of the Christian Religion”: God’s Svereignty and Majesty, Divine Providence, Predestination, Determined Christian Activism
- Chief architect of Geneva’s ecclesiastical institutions: doctors, pastors, elders, deacons
2
Q
Catholic Renewal and Reform in Italy
A
- Catholic Reform (internal) and Counter Reformation (ractive)
- Religious leaders inspired deeper spirituality
- Establishment of Jesuits - flexibile reactive, educated (Society of Jesus - Ignatius)
- 1530s and 40s calls for a council unheeded
3
Q
Growth and Embattlement of Protestantism
A
- Charles V defeats Protestant forces in Schmalkaldic war
- Peace of Augsburg in 1555 - individual rulers choose religion
- France royalty keen to stamp out heresy but Calvinism grew
- Low Countries - Charles V tried to stamp out anabaptists then Calvinists
- England - Edward VI Protestant (mild then aggressive) - Mary Tudor Catholic
4
Q
Calvinism in France and the Low Countries
A
- Calvinism grows in France - ministers trained in Geneva and printing smuggled
- 1555 - Iconoclastic fury in the Low COuntries
- 1562 Massacre of Vassy sparks war.
- Change in protestant political thought - passive disobedience to active resistance
5
Q
John Knox & Scottish Reformation
A
- Unexpected Scottish Reformation 1559-1560
- Slow growth of protestantism + international relations + John Know (influenced by Calvin)
- Mary Stuart married Francis II (French Prince)
- Scotland resented French influence
- Bunch of coinciding events: Mary Tudor died, Elizabeth I Queen, Knox goes to Scotland, King Henry (France) dies, Francis II dies too.
- English army invade - Calvinism in Scottish parliament
- Problems to follow
6
Q
Menno Simons & Dutch Menonites
A
- Former priest embraces “believers baptism”
- direct imitation of Christ, spotless community - banning and shunning
- higher estimate of human capacities than Luther
- From 1550s split into more factions - often hostile
