MARTIN LUTHER'S ROAD TO REFORMATION Flashcards
1
Q
Early Life
A
- Born 1483
- Eisleben - small town in Germany
- Well-to-do family - father was a miner
- University of Erfurt 1498 - 1501
- Exposed to nominalism, Classical literature, but not a humanist
2
Q
Luther in the Monastery
A
- 1502 Thunderstorm - appealed to St Anne
- Observant Augustine in Erfurt
- Priestly ordination in 1507
Luther’s eventual reform was from INSIDE, shaped by his monastic experience
3
Q
Luther and Sinfulness
A
- Part of his hjob was hearing confessions
- Struggles with scrupulousness - “be perfect” intentions are damning too - can’t meet standards
- What if penitent didn’t experience liberation
- Shocked at ireeverence in Romw
4
Q
Indulgences controversy
A
Dominican Johann Tetzel in 1517 promoted indulgences to raise funds
Indulgences are an amount of money paid for papally commissioned graces including satisfaction for sin.
Led to the 95 theses.
5
Q
95 Theses
A
95 technical theological propositions in Latin posted on door for academic debate (1517)
Main issues were they were being substituted for good works. “Love grows by works of love”
6
Q
The impact of the Humanists
A
- Common points - scripture and reform of religious life
- Responsible for translation into German
- Gave Luther his initial public exposure
7
Q
Diet of Augsburg
A
- 1518
- Papal representative Cardinal Cajetan meets with Luther with goal of getting him to recant
- Luther refuses on basis of scripture, questions papal authority (view previously held by Medieval Heretics John Wycliff and Jon Hus)
- Luther flees at night
8
Q
Leipzig Disputation
A
- 1519
- Johannes Eck pushes Luther to the extreme conclusions
- Councils and pope not infallible
- Scripture alone was authoratative.
9
Q
Three key publications
A
- Address to the Christian Nobility 1520 German attack on papacy. Call for Nobility to reform the church
- The Babylonian Captivity of the church 1520 Latin, reform of Church worship - reduction in sacraments
- Freedom of a Christian - Latin and German, theology of justification, Salvation is a free and unmerited gift. Good works arise out of Christian Love.
10
Q
Excommunication
A
- 1521 - long after 60 day warning in Leipzig
- Pope Leo X excommunicated
- Diet of Worms - another chance to recant
- Condemned by Emperor Charles V
- Abducted by Prince Frederick of Saxony’s men
11
Q
Factors for Luther’s Success
A
- Political protection of Prince Frederick of Saxony
- Popularity among Germans for being German
- Early Humanist Support
- Diffusion of writings through printing
