Topic 4 (periodic table) Flashcards
What are elements?
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods such as electrolysis and decomposition.
What are the properties of metals?
Metals are:
-malleable
-ductile
-good conductors of electricity and heat
-sonorous
-high boiling and melting points
-high density
-shiny/lustrous
What are the properties of non-metals?
Non-metals are usually:
-brittle when solid
-non-ductile
-poor conductors of electricity and heat
-non-sonorous
-low boiling and melting points
-low density
-dull/non-lustrous
What are periods?
The rows of the periodic table
What are groups?
The columns of the periodic table
What are the properties of group 1 metals (alkali metals)?
Group 1 metals are:
-very reactive
-soft, shiny, slivery solids
-have low melting and boiling points compared to other metals
-have 1 valence electron
What are the properties of group 2 metals (alkaline earth metals)?
Group 1 metals are:
-very reactive
-slivery solids
-have high melting and boiling points
-have 2 valence electrons
What are the properties of group 17 elements (halogens)?
Group 17 metals are:
-very reactive
-coloured solids, liquids or gases at r.t.p.
-have low melting and boiling points
-have 7 valence electrons
What are the properties of group 18 elements? (noble gases)
Group 18 metals are:
-unreactive
-colourless gases at r.t.p.
-have low melting and boiling points
-have 8 valence electrons
What are the trends in boiling points of group 1 and 2 metals?
Group 1 and 2 metals have boiling and melting points that decrease down the group
What are the trends in boiling points of group 17 and 18 elements?
Group 17 and 18 elements have boiling and melting points that increase down the group
What are the trends in reactivity of group 17 elements?
Group 17 elements have reactivity that decreases down the group
