Topic 4 -Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

the sum of the chemical reactions in an organism

Question 2

Define catabolism

Answer 2

Provides energy and building blocks for anabolism

Question 3

Define anabolism

Answer 3

Uses energy and building blocks to build lrg molecules.

Think anabolic steriods=>huge ass muscles

Question 4

What is ATP?

Answer 4

Adenosine Triphosphate.
Is the universal energy storage molecule; all life uses ATP=>it is hydrolysed to drive reactions. When it breaks, releases a high amount of energy.

Adenine-Ribose-P~P~P

Question 5

Simple molecules are built..?

Answer 5

into complex molecules at the cost of ATP hydrolysis. IT COSTS ENERGY TO BUILD BIG ASS MOLECULES.

Question 6

Complex and simple molecules are…? so are able to generate?

Answer 6

oxidised and in doing so are able to generate ATP from ADP + Pi

Question 7

Catabolic reactions transfer energy from…?

Answer 7

complex molecules to ATP

Question 8

Anabolic reactions transfer energy from..?

Answer 8

ATP to complex molecules

Question 9

Reversible reduction of the electron carrier NAD=>NADH can deliver..?

Answer 9

electrons and protons in such a way that ATP is made

Question 10

Reduced molecules can be?

Answer 10

oxidised

Question 11

Cells harness…? (think of oxidation stuff) What is the name of the intermediate electron carrier in this process?

Answer 11

the complete oxidation (energy) of glucose to CO2 + H2O to make ATP.
NAD is the intermediate electron carrier in this process.

Question 12

What is the final electron acceptor in redox reactions & aerobic respiration?

Answer 12

Oxygen (O2)

Question 13

Describe glycolysis

Answer 13

Produces ATP & reduces NAD+ to NADH while oxidising glucose to pyruvic acid.

In respiration, the pyruvic acid is converted to the 1st reactant in the Kreb’s Cycle, acetyl-CoA.

Question 14

Describe Kreb’s Cycle (citric acid cycle)

Answer 14

Produces ATP & reduces NAD+ & FADH2, while giving off CO2.

The NAD+ & FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 15

In the ETC…?

Answer 15

energy of electrons is used to produce large amounts of ATP

Question 16

If no oxygen available after glycolysis, what happens?

Answer 16

fermentation

Question 17

Remember to look at lecture notes for chemiosmotic theory shit & ATP yield summary

Answer 17

DO IT DON’T BE A SHITHEAD.

Question 18

A bit about anaerobic respiration

Answer 18

It is fermentation.
Uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
Yields less energy than aerobic respiration.

Question 19

Define/describe fermentation

Answer 19

releases energy from oxidation of organic molecules
does not require oxygen
does not use Kreb’s Cycle or ETC
Uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor
Is another way of recycling NADH back to NAD+

Question 20

Alcoholic fermentation produces?

Answer 20

ethanol & CO2

Question 21

Lactic acid fermentation produces?

Answer 21

Lactic acid (noooo fuckin’ wayyyyy!)

Question 22

Fermentation can also produce

Answer 22

acetic acid, butanol etc etc

Question 23

A bit about Photoautotroph

Answer 23

Energy source: light
Carbon source: CO2
Example:
Oxygenic -cyanobacteria, plants
Anoxygenic -green or purple bacteria

Question 24

A bit about Photoheterotroph

Answer 24

Energy source: light
Carbon source: organic compounds
Example:
green bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria

Question 25

A bit about Chemoautotroph

Answer 25

Energy source: chemical
Carbon source: CO2
Example:
iron-oxidising bacteria

Question 26

A bit about Chemoheterotroph

Answer 26

Energy source: chemical
Carbon source: organic compounds
Example:
Fermentative bacteria, animals, protozoa, fungi, bacteria