Topic 4 -Microbial Metabolism Flashcards
Define metabolism
the sum of the chemical reactions in an organism
Define catabolism
Provides energy and building blocks for anabolism
Define anabolism
Uses energy and building blocks to build lrg molecules.
Think anabolic steriods=>huge ass muscles
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate.
Is the universal energy storage molecule; all life uses ATP=>it is hydrolysed to drive reactions. When it breaks, releases a high amount of energy.
Adenine-Ribose-P~P~P
Simple molecules are built..?
into complex molecules at the cost of ATP hydrolysis. IT COSTS ENERGY TO BUILD BIG ASS MOLECULES.
Complex and simple molecules are…? so are able to generate?
oxidised and in doing so are able to generate ATP from ADP + Pi
Catabolic reactions transfer energy from…?
complex molecules to ATP
Anabolic reactions transfer energy from..?
ATP to complex molecules
Reversible reduction of the electron carrier NAD=>NADH can deliver..?
electrons and protons in such a way that ATP is made
Reduced molecules can be?
oxidised
Cells harness…? (think of oxidation stuff) What is the name of the intermediate electron carrier in this process?
the complete oxidation (energy) of glucose to CO2 + H2O to make ATP.
NAD is the intermediate electron carrier in this process.
What is the final electron acceptor in redox reactions & aerobic respiration?
Oxygen (O2)
Describe glycolysis
Produces ATP & reduces NAD+ to NADH while oxidising glucose to pyruvic acid.
In respiration, the pyruvic acid is converted to the 1st reactant in the Kreb’s Cycle, acetyl-CoA.
Describe Kreb’s Cycle (citric acid cycle)
Produces ATP & reduces NAD+ & FADH2, while giving off CO2.
The NAD+ & FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain.
In the ETC…?
energy of electrons is used to produce large amounts of ATP
If no oxygen available after glycolysis, what happens?
fermentation
Remember to look at lecture notes for chemiosmotic theory shit & ATP yield summary
DO IT DON’T BE A SHITHEAD.
A bit about anaerobic respiration
It is fermentation.
Uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
Yields less energy than aerobic respiration.
Define/describe fermentation
releases energy from oxidation of organic molecules
does not require oxygen
does not use Kreb’s Cycle or ETC
Uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor
Is another way of recycling NADH back to NAD+
Alcoholic fermentation produces?
ethanol & CO2
Lactic acid fermentation produces?
Lactic acid (noooo fuckin’ wayyyyy!)
Fermentation can also produce
acetic acid, butanol etc etc
A bit about Photoautotroph
Energy source: light Carbon source: CO2 Example: Oxygenic -cyanobacteria, plants Anoxygenic -green or purple bacteria
A bit about Photoheterotroph
Energy source: light
Carbon source: organic compounds
Example:
green bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria
A bit about Chemoautotroph
Energy source: chemical
Carbon source: CO2
Example:
iron-oxidising bacteria
A bit about Chemoheterotroph
Energy source: chemical
Carbon source: organic compounds
Example:
Fermentative bacteria, animals, protozoa, fungi, bacteria
