TOPIC 4 - Heredity-Environment Interaction: The Nature-Nurture Debate Flashcards
is the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development
Behavior genetics
does not identify the extent to which genetics or the environment affects an individual’s traits.
behavior genetics
try to do is to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people-that is, to what extent people vary because of differences in genes, environment, or a combination of these factors
behavior geneticists
A study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins.
Twin study
A study in which investigators seek to discover whether, in behavior and psychological characteristics, adopted children are more like their adoptive parents, who provided a home environment, or more like their biological parents, who contributed their heredity.
Adoption study
which means that individuals’ genes may be systematically related to the types of environments to which they are exposed
heredity- environment correlations
She described three ways that heredity and environment can be correlated
Sandra Scarr (1993)
Correlations that exist when the natural parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child.
passive genotype-environment correlations
occur because a child’s genetically influenced characteristics elicit certain types of environments
Evocative genotype-environment correlations
For example, active, smiling children receive more social stimulation than passive, quiet children do. Cooperative, attentive children evoke more pleasant and instructional responses from the adults around them than uncooperative, distractible children do.
Evocative genotype-environment correlations
occur when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating
Active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlations
refers to finding a setting that is suited to one’s genetically influenced abilities.
Niche-picking
He emphasizes the epigenetic view, which states that development reflects an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.
Gilbert Gottlieb (2007)
operate together-or collaborate-to produce a person’s well-being, intelligence, temperament, height, weight, ability to pitch a baseball, ability to read, and so on
Heredity and environment
-the interaction of a specific measured variation in DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment
Gene x Environment (G x E) Interaction
The relative contributions of heredity and environment are not ____
additive
are influenced by genes and environments in a way that gives people a propensity for particular developmental trajectory
complex behaviors
The actual development requires both ___
genes and an environment
And that ____ is complex, just like the mixture of ____ we inherit
Environment
Genes
