Topic 4 - Groups in the Periodic Table Flashcards
which side of the periodic table are metals on?
left.
What are the typical properties of metals?
conduct well.
malleable.
What are the properties of transition metals?
high melting points.
colourful compounds. (potassium is yellow(sometimes), copper blue etc.)
what type of bonds do metals have?
metallic bonds
Describe the structure of a metal
regular arrangement of atoms held together by metallic bonds.
sea of free(delocalised) electrons. this is why they are good conductors.
strong bonds mean high melting points and are insoluble.
they allow layers to slide over each other so they are malleable.
What is group 1 called?
alkali metals
in what way are alkali metal different to other metals?
soft
low melting points
How do alkali metal react with water?
vigorously
How does lithium react with water?
moves around slowly and fizzes
how does sodium react with water?
fizzes rapidly and moves quickly around the surface may ignite
how does potassium react with water?
reacts vigorously
burns with lilac flame
possible explosion
what does the reaction of an alkali metal with water produce?
hydrogen
What is group 7?
The Halogens
What is chlorine like at room temperature?
fairly reactive, poisonous, dense green gas.
What is bromine like at room temperature?
dense, poisonous, orange liquid
What is Iodine like at room temperature?
dark grey crystalline solid
what do halogens form when reacted with metals
Metal halides (…bromide …chloride)
what do halogens form when reacted with Hydrogen
hydrogen halides
What happens to the reactivity as you go down group 7?
it decreases due to weaker forces of attraction because of more shells so it can’t attract electrons as well.
are halides soluble?
yes
What is group 0?
The Noble Gases
What are the properties of noble gases?
Inert (unreactive) - full outer shell
Colourless
Gases at room temperature
low boiling points
why did it take longer to discover the noble gases?
because they are colourless and inert so you need special equipment to see them
how did chemists find the noble gases?
they noticed that the density of nitrogen made in chemical reactions was different to the density taken from air. they hypothesised that nitrogen form air must have other gases in it. they then discovered them through a series of experiments including the fractional distillation of air;
What are the uses of the noble gases?
Ar, He, Ne
Argon - used in filament lamps as the argon in non-flammable and inert.
helium - used in balloons less reactive than hydrogen.
Neon - used in lights
What are the patterns in the properties of noble gases?
boiling point and density increase as you go down the group.
