Topic 4 - extracting metals and equilibria Flashcards
What are the products when a metal reacts with cold water?
Metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
What are the products when a metal reacts with steam?
Metal oxide and hydrogen gas
What are the products when a metal reacts with a dilute acid?
Salt and hydrogen
If a metal reacts with cold water, what does it suggest about the reactivity of this metal?
It is very reactive
A metal reacts with oxygen but not acid or cold water. What does this suggest about the reactivity of this metal?
Not very reactive, most metal react with oxygen
Name a metal which will not react with water, acid or oxygen
Gold
Describe an experiment that uses displacement to compare the reactivity of two metals
Add a solid metal to a salt solution (the salt must contain a different metal)
If the solid metal is more reactive, it will gradually disappear, displacing the metal that was in the salt solution
If nothing happens, the metal in the salt is more reactive and cannot be displaced
Why can a displacement reaction be called a redox reaction? Explain in terms of electron transfer
A redox reaction occurs when reduction and oxidation are taking place in the same reaction
In a displacement reaction, the more reactive metal atoms lose electrons to form ions (oxidation) and the less reactive metal ions gain electrons to form the element (reduction)
What is the reactivity of a metal related to its tendency to form?
Cations
Which metals are most easily oxidised?
The ones highest in the reactivity series.
Where are most metals extracted from?
From ores forums in the earth’s crust
What is an ore?
A rock which contains metals often chemically combined with other substances
Which metals are found in the earth’s crust as in combined elements?
Unreactive metals
Explain what oxidation means in terms of oxygen
Gain of oxygen
Explain what reduction means in terms of oxygen
Loss of oxygen
Most ores contain metals chemically combined with oxygen. What process must be carried out to extract the metal?
Reduction