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Botany 380 > Topic 4: Cannabis > Flashcards

Topic 4: Cannabis Flashcards

1
Q

bast fibers

A

hollow stems of cannibus plant

aka hemp fibers

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2
Q

seeds

A

rich in oil

low in psychoactive chemicals

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3
Q

cannabis sativa

A 
family Cannabacea
annual weed
native to Caucasus
northern India
Iran 
dioecious 
lots of phenotypic plasticity 
major source of hemp and oil
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4
Q

cannabinoids

A

main psychoactive ingredient

lipid soluble, phenolic

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5
Q

cannabinoids are synthesized as

A

carboxylic acids

smoking causes decarboxylation to neutral form

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6
Q

THC molecule alterations

A

generally result in deduced activity
BUT by changing the alkyl group of the right and ring, it is possible to produce THC-C variants with increased potency and duration of effect

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7
Q

THC-V is at least as potent as

A

LSD

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8
Q

CBD

A

cannabidiol
phytocannabinoid
40% of plant’s extract
diff structure than THC (has double bond)

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9
Q

Pharmacodynamics of CBD

A

cannabidiol has low affinity for CB1 and CB2
acts as an indirect antagonist to their agonists
potentiate THC effects by increasing CB1 receptor density
extend duration of THC effects
allosteric modulator of mu and sigma opioid
receptors
inhibit FAAH (increase endocannabinoid levels)

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10
Q

synthesis cannabinoids

A 
hexanoyl coA synthase
polypeptide synthase
aromatic prenyltransferase
THCA synthase
Heat and CO2
THC!
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11
Q

marijuana vs. hemp enzymatic conversion of CBGA

A

in marijuana: THCA synthase is expressed much more than cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) synthase

in hemp the app is true

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12
Q

produced in

A

trichomes

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13
Q

How are cannabinoids produced in trichomes

A

vacuoles (which contain phenols) and plastids (containing terpenes) make their way up trichome stalk and combine inside the secretory cavity into a fibrous mat. The concentrated mat is hit by UV-B light waves
= cannabinoid creation

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14
Q

heavy trichome production does not mean…

A

higher potency

bc the resins inside the trichome may or may not contain high levels of THC

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15
Q

to produce euphoria how much THC o you need?

A

25-50ug/kilo body weight taken into the lungs

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16
Q

to produce a hallucinogenic effect

A

it is estimated that 200-250ug/kilo boy with THC taken into lungs

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17
Q

consumption of _ joint(s) = mild euphoric effect

A

1

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18
Q

initial effects of cannabis

A

mild tension anxiety

filled by pleasant feelings of wellbeing

19
Q

later effects of cannabis

A

tranquil
rapid mood changes
moments of hilarity
contemplative silence

20
Q

THC pharmacodynamics

A

rapidly absorbed into blood

first reaches brain then redistributed to body

21
Q

THC effects on NS

A
  1. alters electrical properties of nerve membranes
  2. alters turnover rates of serotonin and dopamine
  3. effects prostaglandin synthesis
22
Q

mech of action

A

receptors are GPCR
7 TM domains
activated by endo, phyto and synthetic cannabinoids

cannabinoids bind reversibly and stereo-selectivity

23
Q

CB1

A

expressed in brain (CNS)

lungs, liver, kidneys

24
Q

CB2

A

PNS

immune system, hematopoietic cells

25
Q

activation of receptors

A

inhibit adenylate cyclase
decrease [cAMP]
inhibition of neurotransmission

26
Q

cannabinoids that bind more selectively

A

are more desired for medical usage

27
Q

where/how are endocannabinoids formed?

A

w/n neurons via multiple biosynthetic pathways

made “on demand” from FA precursors via PDE enzymes phospholipase C and/or D

28
Q

Anandamide

A

endocannabinoid
aka N-arachidonoylethanolamine/AEA
via phospholipase d

name from Sanskrit word ananda = “bliss, delight”

from N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine
degraded by FAAH, converted to ethanol amine arachidonic acid

first endocannabinoid discovered in mama brain in 1992
favours CB1

also a TRPV-1 agonist

29
Q

inhibitors of FAAH

A

increase anandamide levels

30
Q

2-arachidonoylglycerol

A

2-AG
endocannabinoid

agonist of CB1, CB2
ester from omega6 FA arachidonic acid and glycerol

high amount in CNS

neuromodulatory effects

activated by phospholipase C, diacylglycerol lipase

released after neuronal depol (Ca+2 influx)

31
Q

endocannabinoid degradation

A

through reuptake by diffusion facilitated transport molecules
hydrolytic ally cleaved by enzymes like FAAH to break them down

32
Q

THC metabolized by

A

the liver

33
Q

major active metabolite of THC

A

11-hydroxy-9-THC

major product of THC metabolism

34
Q

THC treats…

A

asthma, neuralgia
depression, rheumatism, epileptic seizures
glaucoma
nausea after chem

35
Q

marinol

A

2.5-10 mg THC
synthetic
for cancer patients
oral

36
Q

Nabilone

A

THC analogue
Eli Lily
oral medication

37
Q

CBD treats

A

for pain mitigation

38
Q

CBD and CB receptors

A

little affinity for CB1 or 2
indirectly stimulates endogenous cannabinoid signaling by suppressing FAAH

opposes the action of THC at CB1 = muted effects of THC

stimulates release of 2-AG

39
Q

CBD at TRPV-1 receptor

A

binds to receptor, agonist
therapeutic effect
mediate pain perception, inflammation, body temp
“vanillin receptor” named after vanilla

40
Q

vanilla and pain

A

vanilla contains eugenol, an essential oil that has be used to cure headaches, also helps to unclog blood vessels

41
Q

at high CBD concentrations

A

activates 5-HT 1 A receptor directly

antidepressant effect

42
Q

5HT receptor

A

anxiety, addiction, appetite, sleep, pain perception, nausea, vomiting
both CNS and PNS
excitatory or inhibitory response

43
Q

addiction and marijuana

A

heavy pot smokers can be physically addicted and dependent
far less addictive than nicotine
social use does not generally lead to addiction
addiction pattern is more like alcohol

44
Q

William Randolph Heasrt

A

1930s
campaign to ban cannabis, blamed hallucinogenic properties
wanted it banned on moral grounds
= canada and US and Europe banned it in 1937, 1938

Botany 380 (6 decks)

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