Topic 4: Cannabis Flashcards by Mackenzie Roth

bast fibers

hollow stems of cannibus plant

aka hemp fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

seeds

rich in oil

low in psychoactive chemicals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cannabis sativa

family Cannabacea
annual weed
native to Caucasus
northern India
Iran 
dioecious 
lots of phenotypic plasticity 
major source of hemp and oil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cannabinoids

main psychoactive ingredient

lipid soluble, phenolic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cannabinoids are synthesized as

carboxylic acids

smoking causes decarboxylation to neutral form

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

THC molecule alterations

generally result in deduced activity
BUT by changing the alkyl group of the right and ring, it is possible to produce THC-C variants with increased potency and duration of effect

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

THC-V is at least as potent as

LSD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CBD

cannabidiol
phytocannabinoid
40% of plant’s extract
diff structure than THC (has double bond)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pharmacodynamics of CBD

cannabidiol has low affinity for CB1 and CB2
acts as an indirect antagonist to their agonists
potentiate THC effects by increasing CB1 receptor density
extend duration of THC effects
allosteric modulator of mu and sigma opioid
receptors
inhibit FAAH (increase endocannabinoid levels)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

synthesis cannabinoids

hexanoyl coA synthase
polypeptide synthase
aromatic prenyltransferase
THCA synthase
Heat and CO2
THC!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

marijuana vs. hemp enzymatic conversion of CBGA

in marijuana: THCA synthase is expressed much more than cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) synthase

in hemp the app is true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

produced in

trichomes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How are cannabinoids produced in trichomes

vacuoles (which contain phenols) and plastids (containing terpenes) make their way up trichome stalk and combine inside the secretory cavity into a fibrous mat. The concentrated mat is hit by UV-B light waves
= cannabinoid creation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

heavy trichome production does not mean…

higher potency

bc the resins inside the trichome may or may not contain high levels of THC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

to produce euphoria how much THC o you need?

25-50ug/kilo body weight taken into the lungs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

to produce a hallucinogenic effect

it is estimated that 200-250ug/kilo boy with THC taken into lungs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

consumption of _ joint(s) = mild euphoric effect

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

initial effects of cannabis

mild tension anxiety

filled by pleasant feelings of wellbeing

later effects of cannabis

tranquil
rapid mood changes
moments of hilarity
contemplative silence

THC pharmacodynamics

rapidly absorbed into blood

first reaches brain then redistributed to body

THC effects on NS

alters electrical properties of nerve membranes
alters turnover rates of serotonin and dopamine
effects prostaglandin synthesis

mech of action

receptors are GPCR
7 TM domains
activated by endo, phyto and synthetic cannabinoids

cannabinoids bind reversibly and stereo-selectivity

CB1

expressed in brain (CNS)

lungs, liver, kidneys

CB2

PNS

immune system, hematopoietic cells

activation of receptors

inhibit adenylate cyclase decrease [cAMP] inhibition of neurotransmission

cannabinoids that bind more selectively

are more desired for medical usage

where/how are endocannabinoids formed?

w/n neurons via multiple biosynthetic pathways | made "on demand" from FA precursors via PDE enzymes phospholipase C and/or D

Anandamide

endocannabinoid aka N-arachidonoylethanolamine/AEA via phospholipase d name from Sanskrit word ananda = "bliss, delight" from N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine degraded by FAAH, converted to ethanol amine arachidonic acid first endocannabinoid discovered in mama brain in 1992 favours CB1 also a TRPV-1 agonist

inhibitors of FAAH

increase anandamide levels

2-arachidonoylglycerol

2-AG endocannabinoid agonist of CB1, CB2 ester from omega6 FA arachidonic acid and glycerol high amount in CNS neuromodulatory effects activated by phospholipase C, diacylglycerol lipase released after neuronal depol (Ca+2 influx)

endocannabinoid degradation

through reuptake by diffusion facilitated transport molecules hydrolytic ally cleaved by enzymes like FAAH to break them down

THC metabolized by

the liver

major active metabolite of THC

11-hydroxy-9-THC | major product of THC metabolism

THC treats...

asthma, neuralgia depression, rheumatism, epileptic seizures glaucoma nausea after chem

marinol

2.5-10 mg THC synthetic for cancer patients oral

Nabilone

THC analogue Eli Lily oral medication

CBD treats

for pain mitigation

CBD and CB receptors

little affinity for CB1 or 2 indirectly stimulates endogenous cannabinoid signaling by suppressing FAAH opposes the action of THC at CB1 = muted effects of THC stimulates release of 2-AG

CBD at TRPV-1 receptor

binds to receptor, agonist therapeutic effect mediate pain perception, inflammation, body temp "vanillin receptor" named after vanilla

vanilla and pain

vanilla contains eugenol, an essential oil that has be used to cure headaches, also helps to unclog blood vessels

at high CBD concentrations

activates 5-HT 1 A receptor directly | antidepressant effect

5HT receptor

anxiety, addiction, appetite, sleep, pain perception, nausea, vomiting both CNS and PNS excitatory or inhibitory response

addiction and marijuana

heavy pot smokers can be physically addicted and dependent far less addictive than nicotine social use does not generally lead to addiction addiction pattern is more like alcohol

William Randolph Heasrt

1930s campaign to ban cannabis, blamed hallucinogenic properties wanted it banned on moral grounds = canada and US and Europe banned it in 1937, 1938