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ANAT102 > Topic 4: BONES AND JOINTS OF THE WRIST AND HAND > Flashcards

Topic 4: BONES AND JOINTS OF THE WRIST AND HAND Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones make up the “wrist joint complex”?

A
  1. carpal bones
  2. radius
  3. ulna
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2
Q

Which bones does the radius articulate with?

A

the proximal carpal bones

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3
Q

What does the ulna articulate with?

A

doesnt directly articulate with carpals

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4
Q

Order of carpal bones

A

Some, Lovers, Try, Positions, THat, THey, Cant, Handle
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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5
Q

2 joints of the wrist complex

A
  1. Radiocarpal

2. Mid carpal

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6
Q

Articular surfaces of the radiocarpal jt

A
  1. scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
  2. distal surface of radius
  3. distal surface of Inf RU jt disc
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7
Q

Articular surfaces of the Midcarpal jt

A
  1. scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
  2. trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
    (between the 2 rows of the carpals)
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8
Q

Classification of the radiocarpal joint

A

synovial, biaxial, ellipsoid

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9
Q

Movements of the radiocarpal jt

A
  1. flexion - extension (palmarflexion- dorsiflexion)
    - transverse axis
  2. abduction - adduction (radial deviation- ulnar deviation)
    - anteropostierior axis
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10
Q

Articular surfaces of the Radiocarpal jt

A
  1. distal surface of scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

2. proximal surface of radius & of inferior RU disc

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11
Q

Where does the articular capsule of the RC jt attach?

A

to the articular margins of the bones involved

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12
Q

What is the RC jt capsule reinforced by?

A

by capsular ligaments at sides and anteriorly & posteriorly

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13
Q

Synovial membrane of the RC jt

A
  • usually restricted to RC jt space

- sometimes communicates with synovial cavity of the inf RU jt

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14
Q

What is the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex?

A

Ligamentous & cartilaginous complex of structures

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15
Q

What are the components of the TFCC?

A
  1. triangular fibrocartilage (articular disc)

2. ligaments

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16
Q

Ligaments of the TFCC

A

ulnotriquetral, ulnolunate, palmar and
dorsal radioulnar ligaments, ulnar collateral
ligament

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17
Q

Functions of the TFCC:

A
  1. stabilizes distal radioulnar and ulnocarpal joints
  2. transmits & distributes loads from carpals to ulna
  3. helps facilitate complex movements of the wrist
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18
Q

How is the TFCC commonly injured (lateral)

A

by acute/ repetitive loading in an extending wrist position (FOOSH)

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19
Q

Ligaments of the RC jt

A
  1. collaterals

2. dorsal & palmar radiocarpal

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20
Q

Radial collateral ligament of the wrist limits:

A

adduction

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21
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist limits:

A

abduction

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22
Q

Fibres of the dorsal & palmar radiocarpal ligaments

A
  • run inferiorly & medially –> ensure that carpals move with the radius and ulna during pronation & supination
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23
Q

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament of the wrist limits:

A

flexion

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24
Q

Palmar radiocarpal ligament of the wrist limits:

A

extension

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25
Midcarpal joint classification
synovial, biaxial, condyloid
26
midcarpal joint movements
1. flexion - extension (palmarflexion - dorsiflexion) - -> transverse axis 2. abduction - adduction (radial deviation - ulnar deviation) - -> anteroposterior axis
27
Articular surfaces of the MC joint
1. distal surface of scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum | 2. proximal surface of trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
28
What does the articular capsule of the MC joint attach to?
the articular margins of the bones
29
What is the articular capsule of the MC jt reinforced by?
Capsular ligaments at sides and anteriorly & posteriorly
30
Synovial membrane & cavity of the MC jt
- cavity = complex: extensive & irregular | - may extend distally between bones of distal row
31
Ligaments of the MC jt
1. collateral ligaments of the wrist | 2. dorsal and palmar ligaments of the wrist
32
Collateral ligaments of the wrist (MC jt)
From the radiocarpal jt 1. radial collateral 2. ulnar collateral
33
MC JT | radial collateral ligament limits:
adduction
34
MC JT | ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist limits:
abduction
35
MC JT | Dorsal intercarpal ligament limits:
flexion
36
MC JT | Palmar intercarpal ligament limits:
extension
37
MC JT | Fibre orientation of the palmar intercarpal ligament:
converge on the capitate
38
Contribution of both the RC and MC jts in movements
Both contribute to flexion & extension range
39
contribution of RC & MC jts in adduction (ulnar deviation)
RC >> MC
40
contribution of RC & MC jts in abduction (radial deviation)
MC >> RC
41
Classification of the Intercarpal (IC) joints
synovial, mostly multi-axial, plane jts | --> only slight movement
42
What are the IC jts connected by?
extensive array of ligaments -- not all named
43
What is the feature that acts as an accessory IC ligament?
flexor retinaculum
44
What is the most commonly injured IC ligament?
Scapholunate ligament
45
Function of the scapholunate ligament
functions to prevent lunate dislocating from scaphoid (most common in FOOSH)
46
Classification of the Common Carpometacarpal jts
synovial, multiaxial, plane
47
Movements of the common CMC jts
- increasing mobility as move lateral to medial (less articulation between the bones/ articular surfaces) - 2nd CMC least mobile, 5th CMC most mobile - observe rotation of 5th CMC
48
Articular surfaces of the Common CMC jts (2-5)
1. base metacarpal 2 with trapezoid 2. base metacarpal 3 with capitate 3. base metacarpal 4 with hamate 4. base metacarpal 5 with hamate
49
where does the capsule of the common CMC jts attach to?
- attaches to articular margins | - one common cavity, usually communicates with MC jt cavity
50
Ligaments of the common CMC jts
Dorsal and palmar carpometacarpal ligaments - from carpals to base of metacarpal - commonly 2 bands to each MC
51
Dorsal carpometacarpal ligament limits
flexion
52
Palmar capometacarpal ligament limits:
extension
53
CMC jt thumb classification
synovial, biaxial, saddle
54
CMC jt thumb movements
1. flexion - extension - --> anteroposterior axis 2. abduction - adduction - -> transverse axis 3. opposition (conjunct --> combination of abduction, adduction; rotates the thumb) - -> longitudinal axis
55
What is the rule of THUMB
the thumb doesn't follow the normal rules that the common CMC jts do. i.e. planes of mvmt & type of joint
56
Where does the articular capsule of the CMC thumb jt attach to?
- attaches to articular margins | - relatively loose (allows for increased mobility)
57
Ligaments of the CMC thumb jt
Posterior & anterior oblique ligaments of the thumb
58
What do the posterior & anterior oblique ligaments do?
Tension in these ligaments helps pull the thumb into/ out of conjunct rotation
59
Classification of the metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)
synovial, biaxial, condyloid
60
Movements of the MCP jts
1. flexion - extension | 2. abduction - adduction (axis of movement = middle finger)
61
Articular surfaces of the MCP (knuckle) jts
1. head of the metacarpal | 2. base of the adjacent phalanx
62
Ligaments of the MCP jts
1. collateral ligaments 2. palmar ligaments 3. deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
63
What do the collateral ligaments of the MCP jts limit?
1. flexion | 2. prevents add and abd in flexion (direction of fibres downwards)
64
What are the palmar ligaments of the MCP jts?
- fibrocartilaginous plate | - form part of the articular surface
65
What do the palmar ligaments of the MCP jts limit?
extension
66
What do the palmar ligaments house?
Long flexor tendons (grooved)
67
What do the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments do?
Keep the MC heads together --> particularly important in weightbearing
68
IP jts | PIPs and DIPS classification
synovial, uniaxial, hinge
69
IP jts | PIPs and DIPS movements
flexion & extension
70
IP jts | PIPs and DIPS ligaments
1. collateral ligaments --> limit flexion | 2. palmar ligaments --> limit extension

ANAT102 (9 decks)

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