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ANAT102 > Topic 10: MUSCLES OF THE BACK, NECK AND ABDOMEN > Flashcards

Topic 10: MUSCLES OF THE BACK, NECK AND ABDOMEN Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  1. rectus abdominus
  2. external obliques
  3. internal obliques
  4. transversus abdominus
  5. pyramidalis
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2
Q
  1. Rectus Abdominus
    PA
A

xiphoid process of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 5,6, and 7

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3
Q
  1. rectus abd
    DA
A

pubic crest, and pubic symphysis

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4
Q
  1. Rectus Abdominus
    Actions
A
  1. trunk flexion (bilateral contraction)
  2. lateral flexion (unilateral contraction)
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5
Q

what is the rectus abdominus enclose by at the front and back?

A

rectus sheath

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6
Q

What is the rectus sheath formed from?

A

the aponeuroses of the 3 lateral abdominal muscles

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7
Q

What happens to the rectus sheath fibres at the mid-line?

A

fibres meet and cross over to form a dense fibrous raphe called the linea alba

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8
Q

Where does the linea run from?

A

the xiphoid process to the pubic crest & pubic symphysis

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9
Q
  1. External Oblique
    PA
A

outer border lower 8 ribs and costal cartilages

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10
Q
  1. External Oblique
    DA
A

iliac crest, linea alba

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11
Q
  1. External Oblique
    Actions
A
  1. trunk flexion (sag plane)- bilateral
  2. contralateral rotation
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12
Q

What happens to the lower edge of the external obliques?

A

it is free and forms the inguinal ligament

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13
Q
  1. Internal oblique
    PA
A

lower border lower 4 ribs and costal cartilages

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14
Q
  1. Internal oblique
    DA
A

iliac crest, linea alba

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15
Q
  1. Internal oblique
    Actions
A
  1. ipsilateral rotation
  2. some trunk flexion
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16
Q

what happens to the lower edge of the internal obliques?

A

joints to the inguinal ligament to contribute to the inguinal canal

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17
Q
  1. Transverse abdominus
    PA
A

inner surface of the costal cartilages of the lower 6 ribs

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18
Q
  1. Transverse abdominus
    DA
A

iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia (post), inguinal ligament (ant)

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19
Q
  1. Transverse abdominus
    Functions
A

increases intra-abdominal pressure (expiration)

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20
Q

What happens to the lower edge of the transversus abdominus?

A

joins to the inguinal ligament to contribute to the inguinal canal

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21
Q
  1. Pyramidalis
    PA
A

symphysis pubis and superior margin of pubis

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22
Q
  1. Pyramidalis
    DA
A

linea alba

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23
Q
  1. Pyramidalis
    Action
A

tenses the lower linea alba

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24
Q

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A
  1. Quadratus lumborum
  2. Psoas major
  3. Psoas Minor
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25
1. Quadratus Lumborum PA
lower border rib 12, transverse processes of L1- L5
26
1. Quadratus Lumborum DA
iliac crest & iliolumbar ligament
27
1. Quadratus Lumborum Actions
1. trunk extension (not really) 2. lateral flexion 3. anterior pelvic tilt (also ipsilateral tilt) 4. if pelvis fixed, depress rib 12 (expiration)
28
2. Psoas Major PA
TP's of L1-5, bodies and discs of T12- L5
29
2. Psoas Major DA
lesser trochanter of femur
30
2. Psoas Major Actions
1. hip flexion 2. fixed femur; trunk flexion
31
3. Psoas Minor PA
bodies & discs of T12 & L1
32
3. Psoas Minor DA
pecten pubis, superior pubic ramus
33
3. Psoas Minor Actions
trunk flexion if present
34
Fun fact about the psoas minor
often absent in many people
35
INNERVATION OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL What are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall supplied by?
ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves
36
Rec abd nerve supply
T6/7- L1
37
Ext obliques NS
T7-T12
38
Int obliques NS
T7-L1
39
Transversus abdominus NS
T7-L1
40
General features of muscles of the back
Arranged in "sheets" which extend along the vertebral column
41
3 groups of back muscles
1. erector spinae group 2. transversospinalis group 3. uni-segmental group
42
Features of the erector spinae group
1. vertical sheet 2. superficial 3. extends the length of the VC
43
Features of the transversospinalis group
1. oblique sheet 2. deep to erector spinae
44
Features of the uni-segmental group
deep to transversospinalis group
45
What are the muscles of the back supplied by?
the dorsal (posterior primary) rami of spinal nerves
46
1. erector spinae group Function
"erects" the spine
47
1. erector spinae group Muscles run...
in columns, posteriorly
48
1. erector spinae group Inferior attachment
at a common origin
49
1. erector spinae group What is it?
single belly in lumbar region, which divides into 3 parallel columns as it extends superiorly and medially
50
3 divisions of the erector spinae group
1. spinalis (medial) 2. Longissimus (next) 3. Iliocostalis (lateral)
51
Which muscle holds down the erector spinae group?
serratus posterior inferior
52
1. ILIOCOSTALIS Where is it in terms of the ES
most lateral column of the ES muscs
53
1. ILIOCOSTALIS Attaches to?
angles of ribs
54
1. ILIOCOSTALIS Actions
1. extends trunk & neck 2. ipsilaterally flexes trunk & neck
55
3 parts of the iliocostalis
1. iliocostalis lumborum 2. iliocostalis thoracis 3. iliocostalis cervicis
56
Iliocostalis lumborum attachments
from common origin to angles of lower ribs
57
Iliocostalis thoracis attachments
common origin and angles of lower ribs to angles of upper ribs
58
Iliocostalis cervicis attachments
from angles of upper ribs to transverse processes of lower cervical vertebrae
59
2. LONGISSIMUS Where is it in terms of ES
intermediate column of ES
60
2. LONGISSIMUS What does it attach to?
transverse processes of vertebrae
61
2. LONGISSIMUS Actions
Extends trunk, neck & head
62
3 parts of longissimus
1. longissimus thoracis 2. longissimus cervicis 3. longissimus capitis
63
attachments of Longissimus thoracis
common origin to transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae & adjacent rib
64
attachments of longissimus cervicis
TP upper thoracic vertebrae to TP mid cervical vertebrae
65
attachments of longissimus capitis
TP upper thoracic & mid cervical vertebrae to base of skull (mastoid process of the temporal bone)
66
3. SPINALIS Where is it in the ES?
most medial column of ES group
67
3. SPINALIS attaches to ?
spinous processes of vertebrae
68
3. SPINALIS actions
extends trunk
69
3 parts of spinalis
1. spinalis thoracis 2. spinalis cervicis 3. spinalis capitis
70
Spinalis thoracis attachments
SP low thoracic & upper lumbar vert to SP upper thoracic vert
71
spinalis cervicis attachments
SP upper thoracic vert to SP cerv vertebrae
72
Spinalis capitis is what?
medial portion of semispinalis capitis (attaches to base of skull)
73
TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP Attaches to...?
from transverse processes of inferiorly to spinous processes superiorly (i.e. oblique orientation)
74
What is the transversospinalis group deep to?
erector spinae group
75
3 parts of transversospinalis group (superficial to deep)
1. semispinalis 2. multifidus 3. rotatores
76
what happens to the muscles of the transversospinalis group as we go deeper?
they get shorter
77
1. Semispinalis what layer of the group is it?
most superficial layer
78
1. Semispinalis Where is it not present?
lumbar region
79
1. Semispinalis Muscle fibres span...?
5-7 vertebral segments
80
1. Semispinalis Actions
1. extends the trunk, neck, head 2. contralaterally rotates the trunk, neck, head
81
1. Semispinalis 3 parts
1. semispinalis thoracis 2. semispinalis cervicis 3. semispinalis capitis
82
Semispinalis thoracic attachments
low thoracic TP to low cervical & upper thoracic SP
83
Semispinalis cervicis attachments
upper thoracic TP to mid cervical SP
84
Semispinalis capitis attachments
upper thoracic & low cervical TP to skull
85
2. Multifidus Which layer of transversospinalis?
intermediate
86
2. Multifidus Muscle fibres span...?
2-5 vertebral segments
87
2. Multifidus Where is it found?
along the length of the whole VC
88
2. Multifidus Most inferior fibres attach to?
sacrum
89
2. Multifidus Actions
1. longer fibres - extend trunk & neck - contralaterally rotate trunk & neck - ipsilaterally laterally flex the trunk & neck
90
2. Multifidus Function
stability
91
2. Multifidus Where is it most developed?
lumbar region
92
3. Rotatores Which layer of transversospinalis?
deepest layer
93
3. Rotatores Muscle fibres span...?
1 segment
94
3. Rotatores Fibres length
long & short fibres
95
3. Rotatores Where is it most developed?
thoracic region
96
3. Rotatores where is it often absent?
cervical & lumbar regions
97
3. Rotatores Actions
contralateral rotation in thoracic region
98
3. Rotatores Function
stability
99
UNI-SEGMENTAL GROUP 1. Intertransversarii attachments
vertical fibres passing between adkacent transverse processes
100
Intertransversarii Where is it not present?
thoracic region
101
Intertransversarii actions
a little bit of lateral flexion
102
Intertransversarii function
stability
103
2. Interspinales Attachments
vertical fibres passing between adjacent spinous processes
104
2. Interspinales Where is it not present?
thoracic region
105
2. Interspinales Actions
a little bit of extension (neck & lower vert)
106
2. Interspinales Function
stability
107
FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF BACK MUSCLES Movers definition
to produce trunk, neck & head movements
108
FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF BACK MUSCLES Movers
Erector spinae, semispinalis, multifidus
109
FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF BACK MUSCLES Stabilisers definition
- stabilise the trunk during limb movements - provide intersegmental stability
110
FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF BACK MUSCLES Stabilisers
Multifidus, rotatores, intertransversarii, interspinales
111
FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF BACK MUSCLES Proprioceptive feedback
Intertransversarii, interspinales (?), rotatores (?)
112
FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF BACK MUSCLES Protect Zygapophyseal joints
multifidus
113
Dorsal root (and ganglion) contains...?
sensory axons (and cell bodies)
114
Dorsal ramus supplies?
muscles of the back and overlying skin
115
Ventral ramus supplies?
muscles of the trunk and limbs and the overlying skin (abs etc- ant)
116
What is a spinal nerve?
sensory & motor acons
117
Ventral root has what type of axons?
motor
118
How does the dorsal (posterior primary) ramus enter the back?
by passing through intertransverse ligament
119
2 branches of the dorsal ramus
1. lateral 2. medial
120
muscles the lateral dorsal ramus supplies
1. iliocostalis 2. longissimus
121
Muscles the medial dorsal ramus supplies
1. spinales, transversospinalis & unisegmental muscles 2. Z jts- each jt receives supply from 2 dorsal rami

ANAT102 (9 decks)

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