Topic 4 Biogenetics

Question 1

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Endothermic

Question 2

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen

Question 3

What are the 5 ways plants use glucose produced in photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Respiration
Make cellulose
Make amino acids for protein synthesis
Stored as oils/fat
Stored as starch

Question 4

What is cellulose used for?

Answer 4

Make strong plant cell walls

Question 5

How do plants make amino acids?

Answer 5

Combine glucose with nitrate ions

Question 6

Why is glucose stored as starch?

Answer 6

Insoluble- cell with lots of glucose would draw in water and swell up

Question 7

What are the 4 limiting factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 7

CO2 concentration
Light intensity
Temperature
Chlorophyll amount

Question 8

What can the amount of chlorophyll be affected by?

Answer 8

Disease or environmental stress (lack of nutrients)

Question 9

What happens if a plant gets too hot, how does this affect photosynthesis?

Answer 9

Enzymes needed for photosynthesis denature

Question 10

What type of reaction is respiration?

Answer 10

Exothermic

Question 11

What are 3 ways organisms use energy transferred by respiration?

Answer 11

Build larger molecules from smaller ones
Muscle contraction
Keep body temp steady

Question 12

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

Answer 12

Glucose>lactic acid

Question 13

Why does anaerobic respiration not transfer as much as energy as aerobic respiration?

Answer 13

Glucose isn’t fully oxidised

Question 14

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

Answer 14

Glucose > ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 15

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?

Answer 15

Fermentation

Question 16

Why is fermentation of economic importance?

Answer 16

Used to make bread and alcoholic drinks

Question 17

Why does the breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise?

Answer 17

Get more oxygen into blood

Question 18

Why does the heart rate increase during exercise?

Answer 18

Get oxygenated blood around body faster

Question 19

What does the incomplete oxidation of glucose/anaerobic respiration cause in the muscles?

Answer 19

Lactic acid build up and oxygen debt

Question 20

What do long periods of exercise cause?

Answer 20

Muscle fatigue and stop contracting efficiently

Question 21

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 21

Amount of extra oxygen body needs after exercise to react with accumulated lactic acid and remove from cells

Question 22

What does oxygen react with lactic acid to form?

Answer 22

CO2 and water

Question 23

Why does the pulse and breathing rate stay high for a while after exercise?

Answer 23

Repay oxygen debt

Question 24

What does the blood do to deal with high levels of lactic acid?

Answer 24

Blood flowing through muscles transports lactic acid to liver where it’s converted back to glucose

Question 25

What is **metabolism**?

Answer 25

**Sum of all chemical reactions in cell/body**

Question 26

What are **lipid molecules formed from**?

Answer 26

**One molecule glycerol** and **three molecules fatty acids**

Question 27

What are **2 examples** of **reactions** where **larger molecules** are **broken down into smaller molecules**?

Answer 27

**Glucose in respiration** **Excess protein** to **urea** for **excretion**

Question 28

What are **3 examples of reactions** where **larger molecules are made from smaller molecules**?

Answer 28

**Conversion of glucose to starch/glycogen/cellulose** **Lipid molecule formation** **Amino acid then protein formation**

Question 29

What is the **relationship between light intensity and distance**?

Answer 29

**Inversely proportional**

Question 30

What is the **formula** for the **inverse square law**?

Answer 30

**Light intensity = 1/distance (squared)**

Question 31

How do **greenhouses** help to make sure the **temperature doesn’t become limiting**?

Answer 31

**Trap suns heat**

Question 32

What do **commercial farmers do after the sun goes down** to give their **plants more quality photosynthesis time**?

Answer 32

**Supply artificial light**

Question 33

How do **farmers/gardeners increase the level of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse**?

Answer 33

Use **paraffin heater**, as **paraffin burns makes CO2 as by-product**

Question 34

What can **farmers add** to the **soil** to **provide all the minerals to plants for healthy growth**?

Answer 34

**Fertilisers**

Question 35

Why are **limiting factors important** in the **economics of enhancing the conditions in greenhouses**?

Answer 35

**Gain maximum rate of photosynthesis whilst maintaining profit**