Topic 4 (Bioenergetics) Flashcards
What does photosynthesis do
Photosynthesis produces glucose using light
What is the equation for photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide + Water ———Light>
Glucose + Oxygen
What are the five ways plants use glucose
•For respiration, this transfers energy from glucose
•Making cellulose, glucose is converted into cellulose for making strong cell walls
•Making amino acids, glucose is combined with nitrate ions to make amino acids which are made into proteins
•Stored as oil or fats, glucose is turned into lipids for storing in seeds
•Stored as starch, glucose is turned to starch and stored in the roots, stems or leaves ready for use when photosynthesis isn’t happening
What are three limiting factors of photosynthesis
•Light
•Temperature
•CO2 concentration
What shows rate of photosynthesis
Rate oxygen production, this can be seen with the pondweed experiment and counting oxygen bubbles that rise to the surface
What is respiration
Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose, which goes on in every cell
What is Metabolism
Metabolism is all the chemical reactions in an organism e.g breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones
What is aerobic respiration
Respiration using oxygen
What is anaerobic respiration
Respiration that doesn’t use oxygen
What is the equation aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen ->
Carbon Dioxide + Water
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose->Lactic Acid
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast
Glucose->Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
What is the effect of exercise on your respiratory system
•When you exercise you respire more
•Muscles need energy from respiration to contract, when exercising more muscles are contracting so more energy in needed, hence increased respiration
•Increase in respiration in your cells means more oxygen is required in them
•Your breathing rate and breath volume increase to get more oxygen into the blood. This removes CO2 at the same time
•When you do extremely vigorous activity your body can’t supply itself with oxygen fast enough and you respire anaerobically
•This causes a lactic acidosis build up in the muscles (which can be painful)
•Long periods of exercise causes muscle fatigue
What is oxygen debt
•After respiring anaerobically, you will need extra oxygen to oxidise the lactic acid built up in your muscles
•This means you keep breathing hard after you stop exercising in order to reduce the oxygen debt
