Topic 4

Question 1

Population Geography (4)

Answer 1

Concerned with spatial variation in distribution, composition, growth, and movements of population

Question 2

Demography

Answer 2

Statistical study of human population

Question 3

Rate

Answer 3

The frequency of occurrence of an event during a given time frame

Question 4

Ecumene

Answer 4

Part of the earth’s surface that is permanently inhabited

Question 5

Nonecumene

Answer 5

Uninhabitable or very sparsely occupied zone of the earth’s surface

Question 6

Population Density

Answer 6

Measure of the numbers of persons per unit area of land within (usually political) predetermined

Question 7

Physiological Density

Answer 7

Number of persons per unit area of arable land (land that is or may be cultivated)

Question 8

Crude Arithmetic Density

Answer 8

Number of people per unit area of land

Question 9

Overpopulation

Answer 9

Value judgement that the resources of an area are insufficient to sustain adequately its present population members. Reflection not of population density, but the carrying capacity of the land

Question 10

Carrying Capacity

Answer 10

Number of people an area can support given the prevailing technology

Question 11

Urbanization

Answer 11

Transformation of a population form rural to urban status. Measured in terms of the percentage of an area’s population that is classed as urban

Question 12

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Answer 12

Annual number of live births per 1000 population. Influenced by the age and sex structure of its population, social customs, and demographic policies.

CBR of more than 30/1000 are characteristic of countries that are developing and predominantly agricultural

CBRs of less than 20/1000 are characteristics of industrialized, urbanized countries

Question 13

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Answer 13

Average number of children that would be born to each woman during her childbearing years (15-49 of age) if she bore children at the current year’s for women that age

Question 14

Replacement Level

Answer 14

Depending on mortality conditions TFR of 2.1 or 2.3 children per women

Question 15

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Answer 15

Calculated as the annual number of deaths per 1000 population (highest CDRs found in less developed countries such as Africa)

Question 16

Population Pyramid

Answer 16

Bar graph that portrays a society’s population structure at a certain point in time

Question 17

Dependency Ratio

Answer 17

Simple measure of the number of dependents, old or young, that each 1000 people in the productive (15 - 64) must support

Question 18

Rate of Natural Increase

Answer 18

Derived by subtracting the crude death rate fro the crude birth rate

rate of natural increase in Canada was .4% per year. In 2011 the world rate of natural increase was 1.2% and now 1.1%

Question 19

Doubling Time

Answer 19

Time period required for a base population experiencing compounding growth to double in size (shows J shaped curve)

Question 20

Demographic Transition Model

Answer 20

5 stage (but 4) theory describing the experience of countries as they change from rural societies to urban industrial societies

Question 21

Population Projection

Answer 21

Statement of population’s future size, age, and sex composition based on the application of states assumptions to current data

Question 22

Thomas Robert Malthus

Answer 22

English demographer and economist. Concerned about the relationship between population growth and available food supplies. Neo-Malthusian ish

Question 23

Population Momentum

Answer 23

Population is likely to continue growing despite stringent family planning programs because of a relatively high concentration of people in the childbearing years

Question 24

Boserup Thesis

Answer 24

States that the pressure of population growth independently forces agricultural improvements and more intensive farming

Question 25

Cohort

Answer 25

Population group unified y a specified temporal characteristic

Question 26

Demographic Equation

Answer 26

Summarizes the contribution made to regional population change over time by the combination of natural-change (birth minus deaths) and net migration (different between in-migration and out-migration)

Question 27

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

Answer 27

Equals death plus emigration

Question 28

Agricultural Density

Answer 28

Simply excludes city populations from the physiological density calculation and reports the number of rural residents per unit of agriculturally productive land… also estimate of the number of farmers per unit area and offers insights into the type of agriculture practiced in a country

Question 29

Paul Ehrlich

Answer 29

Updated Malthus’s arguments for the 20th century

Question 30

Karl Marx

Answer 30

Rejected Malthusian interpretation of poverty, arguing that what appeared to be overpopulation was actually the unemployed surplus labor population needed by the capitalist system

Question 31

Esther Boserup

Answer 31

Developed Boserup thesis, on the basis of detailed historical and field studied, arguing that past agricultural improvements occurred as a result of population pressure

Question 32

Julian Simon

Answer 32

Developed and optimist cornucopian perspective on population growth. Argued that resources do not exist in nature but are created by human ingenuity, which is the world’s ultimate resource base