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GEOG 1280 > Topic 3 > Flashcards

Topic 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Spatial Interaction

A

Movement of goods, people and ideas within the between regions

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2
Q

Globalization

A

The increasing level of spatial flows, interconnections and interdependence

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3
Q

Ullman’s Model

A

Identifies factors that influence spatial interaction involving goods

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4
Q

Regional Complementarity

A

There must be supply or surplus of products in one region, and a demand or deficit another region for regions to interact

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5
Q

Intervening Opportunity

A

Flows of products between two regions will be restricted if there are intervening sources of supply

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6
Q

Transferability

A

Refers to the ease of movement of products

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7
Q

Distance Decay

A

Declining intensity of any activity, process, or function with increasing distance from its point of origin

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8
Q

First law of geography

A

Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things

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9
Q

Friction of Distance

A

Retarding effect of distance upon spatial interaction

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10
Q

Gravity Model

A

Model of spatial interaction developed by Henry C. Care int he 1850s

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11
Q

Physical Gravity

A

Force of attraction declines as the square of distance

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12
Q

Social Gravity

A

Force of interaction attraction declines at somewhat different rates depending on the domain of interaction

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13
Q

Movement Bias

A

Any aggregate spatial control on the movement of people, commodities, or communication

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14
Q

Distance Bias

A

Favours short movements over long movements

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15
Q

Direction Bias

A

Where actual flows are mainly limited to only one or a few directions

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16
Q

Network Bias

A

Occurs because the presence or absence of connecting channels strongly affects the likelihood that spatial interaction will occur

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17
Q

Barriers

A

Impede spatial interaction, either by blocking it totally or slowing it down, or redirecting it

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18
Q

Mobility

A

General term applied to all types of movement through space and time

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19
Q

Migration

A

Distinction between temporary travel and is important to a geographic analysis of spatial mobility and is usually fairly clear

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20
Q

Territoriality

A

Involves an individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over a clearly defined territory considered an exclusive domain

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21
Q

Personal Space

A

Invisible and usually irregular area around a person into which they do not willingly admit to others

22
Q

Activity Space

A

The area within which a person moves freely on his/her rounds of regular activity

23
Q

Awareness Space

A

Locations or spaces about which an individual has knowledge even without visiting all of them

24
Q

Space Term Prism

A

Describes the volume of space and length of time within which our activities must be confined

25
Q

Space-Time Path

A

Graph of a person’s activity locations at certain times

26
Q

Critical Distance

A

The distance beyond which cost, effort, and means strongly influence our willingness to travel

27
Q

Information Flows

A

Form of spatial interaction which ultimately influence human spatial behaviour

Individual and Mass

28
Q

Formal Exchanges

A

Involve the use of interposed channels to convey messages

29
Q

Informal Exchanges

A

Require no such institutionalized message carriers

30
Q

Personal Communication Field

A

Comprised of relevant information sources within activity space

31
Q

Mass Communication

A

Formal, Structured, transmission of information

32
Q

Place Perception

A

Concept that helps us gain a fuller understanding of the nature of human spatial behaviour

33
Q

Natural Hazards

A

Elements, processes, or events in the environment that can cause harm to humans

34
Q

Total Displacement Migrations

A

Migrants travel so far that they have completely new activity spaces that do not overlap at all with their former home ranges

35
Q

Partial Displacement Migrations

A

Local moves wherein migrants move to a new residence nearby, with new activity space overlapping some with their former home ranges

36
Q

Intercontinental Movements

A

Range from earliest peopling of the habitable world to the most recent flight of Asian or African refugees to countries of Europe or the Western Hemisphere

37
Q

Intercontinental Migrations

A

Involve movement between continents

38
Q

Intracontinental Migrations

A

Movements between countries but within the same continent

39
Q

Interregional Migrations

A

Involve movements between regions within the same nation

40
Q

Localized Residential Shifts

A

Are mainly within metropolitan areas (Western Countries)

41
Q

Forced Migrations

A

The relocation decision is made by people other than the migrants themselves

42
Q

Reluctant Migrations

A

Less than fully voluntary migrations

43
Q

Voluntary Migrations

A

Fully volitional moves. Represent individual responses to factors influencing migration decisions

44
Q

Push Factors

A

Unfavourable characteristics of a locale that contribute to the dissatisfaction of its residents and encourage their emigration

Job loss, crime, over crowding,

45
Q

Pull Factors

A

Characteristics of a locale that acts as attractive forces, drawing migrants from other areas

Job opportunities, better climate, lower taxes

46
Q

Place Utility

A

Measure of an individual’s perceived satisfaction or approval of a place in its social, economic, or environmental attributes

47
Q

Step Migration

A

Where an eventual long-distance migration is undertaken in stages

Move from farm to village, to small town, to city

48
Q

Chain Migration

A

The processes by which migration movements from a common home area to a specific destination are sustained by links of friendship or kinship between first movers and later followers

49
Q

Counter (Return) Migrations

A

Return of migrants to regions from which they earlier emigrated

50
Q

Channelized Migration

A

Tendency for migrations between areas that are socially and economically allied by past migration patterns, or trade connections or by some other affinity

51
Q

Intervening Opportunities

A

Migrations may be discourages by barriers or deflected by intervening opportunities

GEOG 1280 (7 decks)

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