Topic 4&5 - Carbohydrates & Lipids Flashcards
Monosaccharide
A carbohydrate made up of a single sugar residue
Disaccharide
A carbohydrate made up of two sugar residues
Oligosaccharide
A carbohydrate made up of 3-10 sugar residues
Polysaccharide
A carbohydrate made up of more than 10 sugar residues
Aldose
A carbohydrate whose carbonyl group is an aldehyde.
Ketose
A carbohydrate whose carbonyl group is a ketone
Lipid
A biological molecule that is largely hydrophobic and thus insoluble in water
Fatty Acid
A carboxylic acid with a long hydrocarbon side chain
Amphiphillic
A molecule that is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
Amphipathic
A molecule that is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
Saturated
A fatty acid that is fully reduced, thus contains no double (or triple) bonds
Unsaturated
A fatty acid containing double bonds
CH3(CH2)10COOH

Systematic Name: Dodecanoic acid
Common Name: Lauric Acid
Symbol: 12:0
Saturated Fatty Acid
CH3(CH2)12COOH

Systematic Name: Tetradecanoic acid
Common Name: Myristic Acid
Symbol: 14:0
Saturated Fatty Acid
CH3(CH2)14COOH

Systematic Name: Hexadecanoic acid
Common Name: Palmitic Acid
Symbol: 16:0
Saturated Fatty Acid
CH3(CH2)16COOH

Systematic Name: Octadecanoic acid
Common Name: Stearic Acid
Symbol: 18:0
Saturated Fatty Acid
CH3(CH2)18COOH

Systematic Name: Eicosanoic acid
Common Name: Arachidic Acid
Symbol: 20:0
Saturated Fatty Acid
CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

Systematic Name: 9-Hexadecanoic acid
Common Name: Palmitoleic acid
Symbol: 16:1n-7
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

Systematic Name: 9-Octadecanoic acid
Common Name: Oleic Acid
Symbol: 18:1n-9
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH

Systematic Name: 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid
Common Name: Linoleic Acid
Symbol: 18:2n-6
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
CH3CH2(CH=CHCH2)3(CH2)6COOH

Systematic Name: 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
Common Name: α-Linolenic acid
Symbol: 18:3n-3
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)4(CH2)2COOH

Systematic Name: 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid
Common Name: Arachidonic acid
Symbol: 20:4n-6
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
CH3CH2(CH=CHCH2)5(CH2)2COOH

Systematic Name: 5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid
Common Name: EPA
Symbol: 20:5n-3
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
CH3CH2(CH=CHCH2)6CH2COOH

Systematic Name: 4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosohexenoic acid
Common Name: DHA
Symbol: 22:6n-3
Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Glyceraldehyde

Glycerol

Pyran

Furan

Glucose

Galactose

Fructose
Saturated Fatty Acids
12: 0
14: 0
16: 0
18: 0
20: 0
Dodecanoic Acid/Lauric Acid
Tetradecanoic Acid/Myristic Acid
Hexadecanoic Acid/Palmitic Acid
Octadecanoic Acid/Stearic Acid
Eicosanoic Acid/Arachidic Acid
16: 1n-7
18: 1n-9
18: 2n-6
18: 3n-3
20: 4n-6
20: 5n-3
22: 6n-3
9-Hexadecenoic Acid/Palmitoleic Acid
9-Octadecenoic Acid/Oleic Acid
9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid/Linoleic Acid
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic Acid/α-Linolenic acid
5,8,11,15-Eicosatetraenoic Acid/Arachionic Acid
5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid/EPA
4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosohexenoic Acid/DHA
16:1n-7/9-Hexadecenoic Acid
18: 1n-9/9-Octadecenoic Acid
18: 2n-6/9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid
18: 3n-3/9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic Acid
20: 4n-6/5,8,11,15-Eicosatetraenoic Acid
20: 5n-3/5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid
22: 6n-3/4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosohexenoic Acid
Palmitoleic Acid
Oleic Acid
Linoleic Acid
α-Linolenic acid
Arachionic Acid
EPA
DHA